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[[File:Shannon-Weaver model.png|thumb|right|350px|The Shannon–Weaver model as portrayed in a report from the [[United States]] [[Office of Technology Assessment]]]]
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The '''Shannon–Weaver model of communication''' has been called the "mother of all models."<ref>{{cite book | title = Joint Cognitive Systems: Foundations of Cognitive Systems Engineering | author = David D. Woods and Erik Hollnagel | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-2821-7 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=IwRHwOK2IzYC&pg=PA11&dq=Shannon%E2%80%93Weaver+model | location = Boca Raton, FL }}</ref> It embodies the concepts of [[Information_theory#Source_theory|information source]], [[message]], [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmitter]], [[signal (electrical engineering)|signal]], [[channel (communications)|channel]], [[signal noise|noise]], [[receiver (information theory)|receiver]], information destination, probability of error, [[encoding]], [[Code|decoding]], [[Information_theory#Rate|information rate]], [[channel capacity]], etc.
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In 1948 [[Claude Elwood Shannon]] published ''[[A Mathematical Theory of Communication]]'' article in two parts in the July and October numbers of the ''[[Bell System Technical Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Claude Shannon | journal = [[Bell System Technical Journal]] | title = A Mathematical Theory of Communication | year = 1948 | volume = 27 | issue = July and October | pages = pp. 379–423, 623–656}} ([http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol27-1948/articles/bstj27-3-379.pdf July], [http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol27-1948/articles/bstj27-4-623.pdf October])</ref> In this fundamental work he used tools in probability theory, developed by [[Norbert Wiener]], which were in their nascent stages of being applied to communication theory at that time. Shannon developed [[information entropy]] as a measure for the uncertainty in a message while essentially inventing what became known as the dominant form of "information theory."
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The book co-authored with [[Warren Weaver]], ''The Mathematical Theory of Communication'', reprints Shannon's 1948 article and Weaver's popularization of it, which is accessible to the non-specialist.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Mathematical Theory of Communication | author = Warren Weaver and Claude Elwood Shannon | year = 1963 | publisher = Univ. of Illinois Press | isbn = 0-252-72548-4 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=dk0n_eGcqsUC&pg=PP1&dq=inauthor:shannon+inauthor:weaver }}</ref> Shannon's concepts were also popularized, subject to his own proofreading, in [[John Robinson Pierce]]'s ''Symbols, Signals, and Noise''.<ref>{{cite book | title = An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals & Noise | author = John Robinson Pierce | url = http://books.google.com/?id=fXxde44_0zsC&pg=PR9&dq=intitle:information+intitle:theory+inauthor:pierce+shannon+weaver | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 1980 | isbn = 0-486-24061-4 }}</ref>
 
The term ''Shannon–Weaver model'' was widely adopted into [[social science]] fields such as education, organizational analysis, psychology, etc,however some critics have labeled it a "misleading misrepresentation of the nature of human communication", citing its simplicity and innability to consider context <ref>{{ cite | url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/trans.html | title=The Transmission Model of communications | author=Daniel Chandler}}</ref>. In [[engineering]] and [[mathematics]], Shannon's theory is used more literally and is referred to as ''Shannon theory'', or [[information theory]].<ref>{{cite book | url = http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=334156.334169 | chapter = Fifty years of Shannon theory | author =  Sergio Verdü | title = Information theory: 50 years of discovery | isbn = 0-7803-5363-3 | year = 2000 | pages = 13–34 | publisher = IEEE Press | editor = Sergio Verdü and Steven W. McLaughlin}}</ref>
 
Shannon's capacity formula applied to the [[additive white Gaussian noise]] channel gives the [[Shannon–Hartley theorem|Shannon–Hartley formula]],
 
:<math>C = W \log_{2} (1 + \tfrac{S}{N}),</math>
 
where C is [[channel capacity]] measured in bits/second, W is the bandwidth in Hz, S is the signal level in watts across the bandwidth W, and N is the noise power in watts in the bandwidth W.
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shannon-Weaver model}}
[[Category:Information theory]]
 
 
{{signal-processing-stub}}
{{comm-stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:21, 15 July 2014

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