Christoffel–Darboux formula: Difference between revisions

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m →‎References: Various citation cleanup (identifiers mostly), replaced: {{MathSciNet | id = 1688958}} → {{MR|1688958}}, | id={{JFM|10.0279.01}} → | jfm=10.0279.01, | id={{MR|1688958}} → | mr=1688958 using AWB
 
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m norm should read "squared norm"
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In [[mathematics]], the '''generalized symmetric group''' is the [[wreath product]] <math>S(m,n) := Z_m \wr S_n</math> of the [[cyclic group]] of order ''m'' and the [[symmetric group]] on ''n'' letters.
 
== Examples ==
* For <math>m=1,</math> the generalized symmetric group is exactly the ordinary symmetric group: <math>S(1,n) = S_n.</math>
* For <math>m=2,</math> one can consider the cyclic group of order 2 as positives and negatives (<math>Z_2 \cong \{\pm 1\}</math>) and identify the generalized symmetric group <math>S(2,n)</math> with the [[signed symmetric group]].
 
== Representation theory ==
There is a natural representation of <math>S(m,n)</math> as [[generalized permutation matrices]], where the nonzero entries are ''m''th [[roots of unity]]: <math>Z_m \cong \mu_m.</math>
 
The representation theory has been studied since {{Harv|Osima|1954}}; see references in {{Harv|Can|1996}}. As with the symmetric group, the representations can be constructed in terms of [[Specht module]]s; see {{Harv|Can|1996}}.
 
== Homology ==
The first [[group homology]] group (concretely, the [[abelianization]]) is <math>Z_m \times Z_2</math> (for ''m'' odd this is isomorphic to <math>Z_{2m}</math>): the <math>Z_m</math> factors (which are all conjugate, hence must map identically in an abelian group, since conjugation is trivial in an abelian group) can be mapped to <math>Z_m</math> (concretely, by taking the product of all the <math>Z_m</math> values), while the sign map on the symmetric group yields the <math>Z_2.</math> These are independent, and generate the group, hence are the abelianization.
 
The second homology group (in classical terms, the [[Schur multiplier]]) is given by {{Harv|Davies|Morris|1974}}:
:<math>H_2(S(2k+1,n)) = \begin{cases} 1 & n < 4\\
\mathbf{Z}/2 & n \geq 4.\end{cases}</math>
:<math>H_2(S(2k+2,n)) = \begin{cases} 1 & n = 0, 1\\
\mathbf{Z}/2 & n = 2\\
(\mathbf{Z}/2)^2 & n = 3\\
(\mathbf{Z}/2)^3 & n \geq 4.
\end{cases}</math>
Note that it depends on ''n'' and the sign of ''m:'' <math>H_2(S(2k+1,n)) \approx H_2(S(1,n))</math> and <math>H_2(S(2k+2,n)) \approx H_2(S(2,n)),</math> which are the Schur multipliers of the symmetric group and signed symmetric group.
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | first1 = J. W. | last1 = Davies | first2 = A. O. | last2 = Morris | title = The Schur Multiplier of the Generalized Symmetric Group | year = 1974 | journal = J. London Math. Soc. | series = 2 | volume = 8 | pages = 615–620 | url = http://jlms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/s2-8/4/615.pdf}}
* {{citation | first = Himmet | last = Can | title = Representations of the Generalized Symmetric Groups | journal = Contributions to Algebra and Geometry | volume = 37 | year = 1996 | number = 2 | pages = 289–307 | url = http://www.emis.de/journals/BAG/vol.37/no.2/b37h2can.ps.gz }}
* {{citation | first = M. | last = Osima | title=On the representations of the generalized symmetric group | journal = Math. J. Okayama Univ. | volume = 4 | year = 1954 | pages = 39–54}}
{{refend}}
 
[[Category:Permutation groups]]

Revision as of 02:52, 27 October 2013

In mathematics, the generalized symmetric group is the wreath product of the cyclic group of order m and the symmetric group on n letters.

Examples

Representation theory

There is a natural representation of as generalized permutation matrices, where the nonzero entries are mth roots of unity:

The representation theory has been studied since Template:Harv; see references in Template:Harv. As with the symmetric group, the representations can be constructed in terms of Specht modules; see Template:Harv.

Homology

The first group homology group (concretely, the abelianization) is (for m odd this is isomorphic to ): the factors (which are all conjugate, hence must map identically in an abelian group, since conjugation is trivial in an abelian group) can be mapped to (concretely, by taking the product of all the values), while the sign map on the symmetric group yields the These are independent, and generate the group, hence are the abelianization.

The second homology group (in classical terms, the Schur multiplier) is given by Template:Harv:

Note that it depends on n and the sign of m: and which are the Schur multipliers of the symmetric group and signed symmetric group.

References

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Template:Refend