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| Name = alanine racemase
| EC_number = 5.1.1.1
| CAS_number = 9024-06-0
| IUBMB_EC_number = 5/1/1/1
| GO_code = 0008784
| image = PDB 1rcq EBI.jpg
| width =  
| caption = The 1.45Å a crystal structure of alanine racemase from ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', [[Protein Data Bank|PDB]] 1rcq
}}
{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = Ala_racemase_N
| Name = Ala_racemase_N
| image = PDB 1rcq EBI.jpg
| width =
| caption = the 1.45Å a crystal structure of alanine racemase from a pathogenic bacterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, contains both internal and external aldimine forms
| Pfam = PF01168
| Pfam_clan = CL0036
| InterPro = IPR001608
| SMART =
| PROSITE = PDOC00332
| MEROPS =
| SCOP = 1sft
| TCDB =
| OPM family =
| OPM protein =
| CAZy =
| CDD =
}}
{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = Ala_racemase_C
| Name = Ala_racemase_C
| Pfam = PF00842
| Pfam_clan = 
| InterPro = IPR011079
| SMART =
| PROSITE = PDOC00332
| MEROPS =
| SCOP = 1sft
| TCDB =
| OPM family =
| OPM protein =
| CAZy =
| CDD =
}}
In [[enzymology]], an '''alanine racemase''' ({{EC number|5.1.1.1}}) is an [[enzyme]] that [[catalysis|catalyzes]] the [[chemical reaction]]
 
:L-alanine <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> D-alanine
 
Hence, this enzyme has one [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]], [[L-alanine]], and one [[product (chemistry)|product]], [[D-alanine]].
 
This enzyme belongs to the family of [[isomerase]]s, specifically those [[racemase]]s and [[epimerase]]s acting on [[amino acid]]s and derivatives. The systematic name of this enzyme class is '''alanine racemase'''. This enzyme is also called '''L-alanine racemase'''. This enzyme participates in [[alanine]] and [[aspartate]] metabolism and D-[[alanine]] metabolism. It employs one [[cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactor]], [[pyridoxal phosphate]]. At least two compounds, [[3-Fluoro-D-alanine]] and [[D-Cycloserine]] are known to [[enzyme inhibitor|inhibit this enzyme]].
 
==Structural studies==
 
The structure of alanine racemase from ''[[Bacillus stearothermophilus]]'' (Geobacillus stearothermophilus) was determined by [[X-ray crystallography]] to a resolution of 1.9 A.<ref name="pmid9063881">{{cite journal | author = Shaw JP, Petsko GA, Ringe D | title = Determination of the structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 1.9-A resolution | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 36 | issue = 6 | pages = 1329–42 |date=February 1997 | pmid = 9063881 | doi = 10.1021/bi961856c | url = }}</ref> The alanine racemase [[monomer]] is composed of two domains, an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel at the N terminus, and a C-terminal domain essentially composed of beta-strand. The N-terminal domain is also found in the PROSC (proline [[synthetase]] co-transcribed [[bacteria|bacterial]] homolog) family of proteins, which are not known to have alanine racemase activity. The [[Pyridoxal phosphate|pyridoxal 5'-phosphate]] (PLP) [[Cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactor]] lies in and above the mouth of the alpha/beta barrel and is [[covalently]] linked via an aldimine linkage to a [[lysine]] residue, which is at the C terminus of the first beta-strand of the alpha/beta barrel.
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
{{reflist|1}}
* {{cite journal | author = MARR AG, WILSON PW | year = 1954 | title = The alanine racemase of Brucella abortus | journal = Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | volume = 49 | pages = 424&ndash;33  | pmid = 13159289 | issue = 2 | doi = 10.1016/0003-9861(54)90211-8  }}
* {{cite journal | author = Wood WA | year = 1955 | title = Amino acid racemases | journal = Methods Enzymol.  | volume = 2 | pages = 212&ndash;217 | doi = 10.1016/S0076-6879(55)02189-7 }}
* {{cite journal | author = WOOD WA, [[Irwin Gunsalus|GUNSALUS IC]] | year = 1951 | title = D-Alanine formation; a racemase in Streptococcus faecalis | journal = J. Biol. Chem.  | volume = 190 | pages = 403&ndash;16  | pmid = 14841188 | issue = 1 }}
 
{{InterPro content|IPR011079}}
[[Category:EC 5.1.1]]
[[Category:Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes]]
[[Category:Enzymes of known structure]]
 
 
{{isomerase-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:16, 1 May 2014

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Be wary of food items that say they can be fat totally free or do not have body fat. At times these low-excess fat products are not as healthy while they look. As a result of great sugars content, they can nonetheless be bad. It's vital that you each study and comprehend the diet details on packaging when choosing which product or service is perfect for your family.

Consume food products that include a great deal of zinc when recuperating from a health problem. To prevent diseases you can utilize zinc to aid improve your immune system. Pumpkin plant seeds, berries and peaches are all wonderful meals that include zinc. These foods also have lots of herbal antioxidants, which fight harmful toxins.

Fresh vegetables, possibly frozen or processed, are great lower-caloric diet. These types of food provide you with minerals and vitamins that your body needs and this create complete. You should take in a number of areas of veggies every day, such as through a salad or organic-unique soups.

One more B vitamin supplement of value is pantothenic acid solution. It can be needed for your fat burning capacity to be effective correctly. Other techniques take advantage of it as well. Meats and cereals are the principal sources for pantothenic acid.

Select fruit rather than juice. While fruit juices have artificial sweeteners, fruits have organic versions. Some fruit juices include much more sweets than soft drinks pops. In addition, fruits consists of crucial nutrients, natural vitamins and fiber, which will help to stop long-term ailments, which includes cerebrovascular event as well as other cardiovascular troubles.

Strive to replace white-colored flour with whole wheat when baking. Whole wheat flour is loaded with fiber content and vitamins and minerals, while white flour is filled with bare unhealthy calories.

Sweet potatoes will suit your longing for starch without the need of overloading you with a lot of carbohydrate food. You can mash them or utilize them to make fries. Assist with butter and small amounts of glucose. Additionally they aid in inflamation related issues, which standard potatoes can actually result in.

New beets are extraordinarily healthful and tasty. They may be a fantastic accessory for any diet program. Fresh beets will provide you with plenty of vitamins and minerals and fiber content, but beets which can be processed could give you a lot of sodium. It is possible to water vapor new beet plants and put these to salads.

Split your foods up into small, more wholesome servings each day. Your whole body will process food items more efficiently if you eat tiny dishes each and every couple of hours. Making sure you maintain a healthful weight helps maintains your risk of diseases like hypertension and diabetic issues downward. Frequent meals helps you curb desires and overcome your appetite.

As with the amount of issues in daily life, eating healthy is only a case of event the correct information and working on it. If you are well informed about each and every aspect of nutrition, you'll learn that eating healthy is simple. Utilize the recommendations with this bit to nibble on far healthier than you've actually enjoyed.