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| | A lot of people believe there is a small number of abundance, prosperity, or chances to achieve life. Furthermore, there"s a good belief when one individual succeeds, another should fail. <br><br>This might be true, in some instances, such as for example in a small company or college, where opportunity is restricted by management. However, the world is a large place, and no-one gets hurt in the process, and you will find opportunities made from suggestions that help people. <br><br>Below are two samples of success that have not taken anything from anyone: <br><br>Danny Thomas: Along with his hopes, offer, and eyesight, for St. Judes Hospital, h-e received assistance from friends within the community to construct a fantastic charity. Some people also think he received divine aid I know, I do. <br><br>There is far more to this history, but what did this hospital or charity eliminate from everyone? Arent the kids who recover from cancer living proof that idea, and success, is for the benefit of mankind? There is no one who is injured by this, and Marlo Thomas has found where her father left off. <br><br>Yoga teachers: Many unfulfilled members of the workforce have left their jobs to teach the benefits of Yoga for the people. Click here [http://www.abc12.com/story/26522759/ledified-in-heated-battle-for-first-in-fundable-staples-competition webaddress] to learn the inner workings of this thing. They teach their students to savor life, deal with anxiety, breathe effectively, boost their position, become aware of their bodies, and additional benefits. <br><br>Most Yoga teachers think that all the great Yoga jobs are in Yoga studios, and health clubs, ashrams. Browse here at [http://www.abc12.com/story/26522759/ledified-in-heated-battle-for-first-in-fundable-staples-competition staples fundable] to explore why to mull over it. Not too, in my book How to Grow Your Own Successful Yoga Business, I mention 16 strategies to start up with minimum overhead. <br><br>Within the first section, there are Yoga training opportunities that presently exist with little, or no, competition. Yoga teachers who"ve taken this advice have become successful and prosperous. <br><br>Do these jobs take food far from anybody? When some-one starts a business, do they take food from another rival? If you think your competitors is the problem, it"ll be. That is restricted thinking, and you have to understand to consider outside-the field, in order to achieve success in life. Be taught additional resources about [http://www.abc12.com/story/26522759/ledified-in-heated-battle-for-first-in-fundable-staples-competition fundable staples] by navigating to our majestic portfolio. <br><br>Dont spend your time on bad feelings. It is possible to co-exist in harmony with them, become friends, and learn from them. There"s enough opportunity for everyone. This should be your mantra: Observe your competitors, learn from their errors, and when possible, replicate their success. <br><br>That is why you should get fresh ideas and take a vacation. This is the reason you should take a notebook with you. I still like the old fashioned, spiral bound notebook, using a pen at hand. <br><br>Everyone has a distinct segment, develop your personal personality, and be sure to grow yours, in life. Bear in mind, the sky is the control, and you"re only restrained by your own views..<br><br>If you have almost any queries relating to in which in addition to how to employ health insurance costs, [http://www.xfire.com/blog/secretiveroute663 simply click the up coming document],, you can e-mail us at our own site. |
| '''Music without sound''' can refer to music that falls outside the range of human hearing (typically 20 Hz–20 kHz) or to compositions, such as [[visual music]], that are analogous to or suggestive of conventional music but in media other than sound, such as color, shape, position, motion and literature (see Discursive music below). It is commonly taken for granted that music is wont to be performed or recorded, but some sound works simply won't fit on a disc or on stage, being either extremely discreet (like Robin Minard's ''Silent Music'') or incomplete (Varèse's Unfinished music). Additionally, silence can be regarded as the [[via negativa]] of music and has induced long lasting fascination to music composers of all kinds. A composer deals with the absence of sound as much as he deals with sounds. Therefore, this article includes several examples of [[apophasis]] in music (like Algorithmic music or Gesture Music).
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| {{cquote|''"It seems to me that the most radical redefinition of music would be one that defines 'music' without reference to sound."''<br />[[Robert Ashley]], 1961.<ref>Michael Nyman, ''Experimental Music'', 1974, p. 10.</ref>}}
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| ==Gesture Music==
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| '''Sofia Gubaidulina'''<br />
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| Silence in music happens when the music stops during a performance. It is sometimes replaced by gesture music. In his Sofia Gubaidulina biography,<ref>Michael Kurtz ''Sofia Gubaidulina: A Biography'', p 184, english translation Indiana University Press, 2007 (written 2001)</ref> Michael Kurtz mentions the ''silent solo performance by the conductor'' included in ''...Stimmenn... verstummen...'', an orchestral work from 1986.
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| {{cquote|''The symphony is notable for its careful and innovative use of silence. Though the eighth movement has the largest proportions of the work, the climax actually takes place in the ninth movement when the conductor motions before a silent orchestra. The motions the conductor makes are meant to make his hands move increasingly farther apart from each other according to the Fibonacci sequence. This "conductor solo" is repeated at the end of the work, when after the last note is sounded the conductor continues to motion for several minutes.''<br />From Wikipedia [[Stimmen Verstummen|...Stimmenn... verstummen...]] article}}
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| <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Knizak-snowstorm.jpg|right|thumb|Milan Knizak's 1965 Snowstorm N°1]] -->
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| '''Milan Knizak'''<br />
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| From 1960, the International [[Fluxus]] Movement created a number of Events or Verbal Pieces, whose temporal structures were typically vague so as to be sometimes without beginning nor end, with or without sound, with or without music. A remarkable example is that of Czech artist Milan Knizak's 1965 Snowstorm N°1 whose score states: ''Paper gliders are distributed to an idle and waiting audience.''
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| {{cquote|''Another Event, by Czech Fluxus artist Milan Knizak, is called Snowstorm N°1 (1965) and simply instructs that ‘Paper gliders are distributed to an idle and waiting audience’. What results is a snowstorm of quietly gliding paper airplanes as the audience returns them back and forth and so on. The exchange of sheets is experimentaly beautiful, like the caring gesture toward the instrument as tended by Brecht.''<br />[From ''Not the Other Avant-garde''].<ref>James Martin Harding and John Rouse (editors) ''Not the Other Avant-Garde: The Transnational Foundations of Avant-Garde Performance'', University of Michigan Press, 2006, ISBN 0-472-06931-4, ISBN 978-0-472-06931-6</ref>}}
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| <br />'''Helmut Lachenmann'''<br />
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| [[Lachenmann]] composed ''Salut Für Caldwell'' for 2 guitars in 1977. The piece includes silent moments when ''« the players silent motions and gestures created a space of unheard music »''
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| [Michael Kurtz<ref>Michael Kurtz ''Sofia Gubaidulina: A Biography'', p 192, english translation Indiana University Press, 2007 (written 2001)</ref>] | |
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| <br />'''Takehisa Kosugi'''<br />
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| In 1963 [[Takehisa Kosugi]] composed for ''Fluxus 1'' a musical piece called ''Theatre Music'' in the form of a rectangle of cardstock that bore the trace of a spiral of moving feet. This was paired with the instructions: "Keep walking intently".<ref>Charles Mereweather ed., ''Art Anti-Art Non-Art'', Getty Research Institute, 2007, p. 21</ref>
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| == Algorithmic music ==
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| [[Image:Stadler.jpg|right|thumb|Johann Wilhelm Stadler (1748-1833)]]
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| ''A sequence of finite instructions'' according to Wikipedia, an [[algorithm]] relates to computation, which ultimately relates to music. Eighteenth century algorithmic music is a contemporary of [[automaton]] machines, like [[Jacques de Vaucanson]]'s duck or [[Wolfgang von Kempelen]]'s chess player, or [[Ada Lovelace]] and [[Charles Babbage]]'s 1822 difference engine. In 1787, [[W.A. Mozart]] (1756–1791) devised an aleatoric system called ''[[Musikalisches Würfelspiel]]'' (''Musical Dice'')<ref>Musikalisches Würfelspiel (Musical Dice Game), K.516f in the Köchel catalogue of Mozart’s music</ref> published 1793 by J.J. Hummel in Berlin-Amsterdam, to compose waltzes with a pair of dice and a set of written bars on paper cards.<ref>See Hideo Noguchi's [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rb5h-ngc/e/k516f.htm article]: ''Mozart Musical Game in C K. 516f'', 1990</ref> The combination of all the 16 cards and transitions, of which there are theoretically <math>10^{29}</math> combinations, constitutes a minuet.<ref>Computation from John Chuang in a 1995 [http://sunsite.univie.ac.at/Mozart/dice/ article]</ref>
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| Austrian composer Maximilian Johann Karl Dominik Stadler, also known as [[Maximilian Stadler]] (1748–1833), created a table to compose [[minuet]]s and trios with a pair of dice. In the case of the minuet version, there are 16 cards with one bar each and preconceived transitions between certain musical measures. Mathematical games columnist Martin Gardner once remarked in an article about automated music composition. ''"If you fail to preserve it, it will be a waltz that will probably never be heard again."''<ref>See Ivars Peterson's [http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/1956/title/Mozarts_Melody_Machine article] ''Mozart's Melody Machine'' on Science News</ref>
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| The method of pure [[aleatoric music]] was used in the twentieth century by US composer [[Lejaren Hiller]].
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| == The optophonic piano ==
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| <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Opto-disc.jpg|right|thumb| Optophonic disc, paint on glass, diameter: 40cms, ca. 1920-24]] -->
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| [[Wladimir Baranoff-Rossiné]]<ref>See Baranoff-Rossiné's official web [http://www.baranoffrossine.com/museum/optophonicpiano/ page]</ref> started building his [[optophonic piano]] in the 1915s. A set of painted glass discs are rotated via the small keyboard. Light is projected through the discs onto the wall. The player can control intensity of light and speed of rotation. 6 or 8 keys of the 3-octaves keyboard are devoted to colored discs. It is not clear what kind of sound the keyboard is able to produce. Oscillator frequencies (as stated in some articles) are rather unlikely between 1915-1920. More probably the light show was performed with piano accompaniment, maybe performed on the reduced keyboard of the Optosonic Piano, akin to a toy piano.
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| == Unfinished/aborted music ==
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| At one point, the music exists in the composer's mind. In 1928, [[Edgar Varèse]] started working on an opera called ''L'Astronome'' based on North American Indian legends, a project he never completed and destroyed the drafts. In 1932, he asked [[Antonin Artaud]] to write the libretto of a large scale oratorio, ''Il n'ya plus de firmament'' (There is no longer any firmament). In his book ''Phantasmatic Radio'' '''Allen S. Weiss''' translates the beginning of Artaud's text:
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| {{cquote|''Darkness. Explosions in this darkness. Harmonies suddenly broken off. Harsh sounds. Depressurized soundings. The music will give the impression of a distant cataclysm and will fill the room, falling as from vertiginous heights. Chords will originate in the sky and then deteriorate, going from one extreme to the other. Sounds will fall as if from very high, then suddenly stop and spread out in bursts, forming vaults and parasols. Tiers of sounds...'' [in ''Phantasmatic Radio''<ref>Allen S. Weiss, ''Phantasmatic Radio'', Duke University Press, 1995, page 42</ref>]}}
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| The piece was never completed and Varèse turned to other projects, including a radiophonic work involving various synchronised choirs located in different places of the world. He never found the technology for it. In 1948, Artaud insisted on having noise sounds included in his ''Pour en finir avec le judgement de Dieu'' (To have done with the judgment of God). This was done in the Radiodiffusion Television Française studios where [[Pierre Schaeffer]] was working at the time.
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| == Silent music ==
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| ''Silent Music'' (1994)<ref>Bernd Schulz (editor) ''Silent Music - zwischen Klangkunst und Akustikdesign/Between Sound Art and Acoustic Design'', book+CD, 1999</ref> is an installation work by Canadian artist [[Robin Minard]] (b1953) with several hundred wall-mounted piezo loudspeakers and four-channel audio. The miniature loudspeakers are displayed in plant-like shapes on the walls of public spaces. They reproduce the minuscule ambient sounds of the public space where they are installed or play random synthetic sounds at barely audible volume. Minard deals with remote sounds best suited to intimate listening. In 2006 he created 'A voir en silence', a small artist book with loudspeakers and hand-written text.<ref>Susan Meinhardt ''Silent Music/Adelaide Festival'' DVD, Australia, 2007</ref>
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| == Discursive music ==
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| '''Marcel Proust'''<br />
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| The [[:fr:Sonate de Vinteuil|Sonate de Vinteuil]] (or Vinteuil Sonata) is an imaginary violin and piano sonata by fictitious composer Vinteuil recurring several times in [[Marcel Proust]]'s ''A La Recherche Du Temps Perdu'' ([[In Search of Lost Time]]), particularly in ''Un Amour De Swann'' (1913). In the latter volume, Charles Swann associates strong emotions and memories to the melody composed by Vinteuil. The French composer [[Reynaldo Hahn]] noticed how much Marcel Proust ''"vivait la musique de son temps"'' (experienced contemporary music).<ref>See Adrien De Vries' [http://www.classiquenews.com/applaudir/lire_article.aspx?article=1012&identifiant=20074159EEHR4OOD1ZQH7CEC61RFTMS8 article]: ''Sources de la Sonate de Vinteuil'', April 2007 (in french)</ref> For example, Proust immediately praised and enjoyed [[Debussy]]'s 1902 ''Pelleas et Melisande'' opera. Critics disagree on which composer inspired the Sonata. Possibly [[Gabriel Fauré]]<ref>See Margaret Hunter and Abigail Al-Doory's [http://www.french.pomona.edu/MSAIGAL/CLASSES/FR185/FALL96/aaldoory-mhunter/ article]: ''L'homme et la Musique Dans Un Amour de Swann'', 1996</ref> or [[César Franck]]. In [[:fr:Les Plaisirs et les Jours|Les Plaisirs et les Jours]] (1896), Proust focusses on Hans Sachs's monologue from [[Wagner]]'s ''Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg'', Act II. In ''Jean Santeuil'' (1952), a [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] Sonata for Violin and Piano (op. 75, 1885) plays a key role and is presumably the model for the Sonate de Vinteuil. In ''Un Amour De Swann'', the Vinteuil Sonata is played during evenings at the Verdurin's by pianist Dechambre. The main character's emotions are mirrored by Proust's musical reminiscences.
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| '''Walter Marchetti'''
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| <br />A good example of imaginary music can be found in a Walter Marchetti poem where he mentions a Juan Hidalgo imaginary composition (both Hidalgo and Marchetti were members of the Spanish [[Zaj]] Group of Madrid in the late 1950s).
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| {{cquote|''Eat an iced popsicle and thus perform his free''<br />''transcription, for only one performer, of''<br />'''''Music For Five Dogs, an iced'''''<br />'''''Popsicle and Six Male Performers'''''<br />''by Juan Hidalgo.''<br />Walter Marchetti in ''A Zaj Sampler''<ref>Something Else Press, New York, 1967, reissued by Great Bear Pamphlets</ref>
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| }}
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| == See also ==
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| *[[4′33″]]: John Cage's silent composition - four minutes thirty-three seconds of silence
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| *[[List of silent musical compositions]]
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| ==Footnotes==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:New media art]]
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| [[Category:Conceptual art]]
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| [[Category:Sound]]
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| [[Category:Electronic music]]
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| [[Category:Visual music]]
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| [[Category:Experimental music]]
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A lot of people believe there is a small number of abundance, prosperity, or chances to achieve life. Furthermore, there"s a good belief when one individual succeeds, another should fail.
This might be true, in some instances, such as for example in a small company or college, where opportunity is restricted by management. However, the world is a large place, and no-one gets hurt in the process, and you will find opportunities made from suggestions that help people.
Below are two samples of success that have not taken anything from anyone:
Danny Thomas: Along with his hopes, offer, and eyesight, for St. Judes Hospital, h-e received assistance from friends within the community to construct a fantastic charity. Some people also think he received divine aid I know, I do.
There is far more to this history, but what did this hospital or charity eliminate from everyone? Arent the kids who recover from cancer living proof that idea, and success, is for the benefit of mankind? There is no one who is injured by this, and Marlo Thomas has found where her father left off.
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