Kostant polynomial: Difference between revisions

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In mathematics and mathematical physics, '''Slater integrals''' are certain integrals of products of three [[spherical harmonic]]s. They occur naturally when applying an [[orthonormal basis]] of functions on the [[unit sphere]] that transform in a particular way under rotations in three dimensions. Such integrals are particularly useful when computing properties of atoms which have natural spherical symmetry. These integrals are defined below along with some of their mathematical properties.


==Formulation==


In connection with the [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]] of [[atomic structure]], [[John C. Slater]] defined the integral of three spherical harmonics as a coefficient <math>c</math>.<ref>John C. Slater, Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure, McGraw-Hill (New York, 1960), Volume I</ref> These coefficients are essentially the product of two [[Wigner 3-j symbol|Wigner 3jm symbols]].
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:<math>c^k(\ell,m,\ell',m')=\int d^2\Omega \ Y_\ell^m(\Omega)^* Y_{\ell'}^{m'}(\Omega) Y_k^{m-m'}(\Omega)</math>
 
These integrals are useful and necessary when doing atomic calculations of the [[Hartree–Fock]] variety where matrix elements of the [[Coulomb operator]] and [[Exchange operator]] are needed. For an explicit formula, one can use Gaunt's formula for [[associated Legendre polynomials]].
 
Note that the product of two spherical harmonics can be written in terms of these coefficients. By expanding such a product over a [[spherical harmonic]] basis with the same order
:<math>
Y_\ell^m Y_{\ell'}^{m'} = \sum_{\ell''} \hat{A}^{\ell''}(\ell,m,\ell',m',) Y_{\ell''}^{m+m'},
</math>
one may then multiply by <math>Y^*</math> and integrate, using the conjugate property and being careful with phases and normalisations:
:<math>
\int Y_\ell^m Y_{\ell'}^{m'} Y_{L}^{-M} d^2\Omega = (-1)^{m+m'}\hat{A}^{L}(\ell,m,\ell',m') = (-1)^{m}c^L(\ell,-m,\ell',m').
</math>
Hence
:<math>
Y_\ell^m Y_{\ell'}^{m'} = \sum_{\ell''}(-1)^{m'} c^{\ell''}(\ell,-m,\ell',m',) Y_{\ell''}^{m+m'},
</math>
These coefficient obey a number of identities.  They include
 
::<math>
\begin{align}
c^k(\ell,m,\ell',m') &= c^k(\ell,-m,\ell',-m')\\
&=(-1)^{m-m'}c^k(\ell',m',\ell,m)\\
&=(-1)^{m-m'}\sqrt{\frac{2\ell+1}{2k+1}}c^\ell(\ell',m',k,m'-m)\\
& = (-1)^{m'}\sqrt{\frac{2\ell'+1}{2k+1}}c^{\ell'}(k,m-m',\ell,m).\\
\sum_{m=-\ell}^{\ell} c^k(\ell,m,\ell,m)  &=  (2\ell+1)\delta_{k,0}.\\
\sum_{m=-\ell}^\ell \sum_{m'=-\ell'}^{\ell'} c^k(\ell,m,\ell',m')^2  &=  \sqrt{(2\ell+1)(2\ell'+1)}\cdot c^k(\ell,0,\ell',0).\\
\sum_{m=-\ell}^\ell c^k(\ell,m,\ell',m')^2 & =  \sqrt{\frac{2\ell+1}{2\ell'+1}}\cdot c^k(\ell,0,\ell',0).\\
\sum_{m=-\ell}^\ell c^k(\ell,m,\ell',m')c^k(\ell,m,\tilde\ell,m')  &=  \delta_{\ell',\tilde\ell}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{2\ell+1}{2\ell'+1}}\cdot c^k(\ell,0,\ell',0).\\
\sum_m c^k(\ell,m+r,\ell',m) c^k(\ell,m+r,\tilde\ell,m)  &=  \delta_{\ell,\tilde\ell} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(2\ell+1)(2\ell'+1)}}{2k+1}\cdot c^k(\ell,0,\ell',0).\\
\sum_m c^k(\ell,m+r,\ell',m)c^q(\ell,m+r,\ell',m)  &= \delta_{k,q}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{(2\ell+1)(2\ell'+1)}}{2k+1}\cdot c^k(\ell,0,\ell',0).
\end{align}
</math>
 
==References==
<references/>
 
[[Category:Atomic physics]]
[[Category:Quantum chemistry]]
[[Category:Rotational symmetry]]

Latest revision as of 21:15, 24 September 2014


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