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| {{Distinguish2|[[Crystallite]] size which is referred to as Grain Size by Metallurgists}}<!-- Removing this might cause conceptual confusion for a novice reader -->
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| {{More footnotes|date=July 2011}}
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| [[File:Wentworth-Grain-Size-Chart.pdf|thumb|300px|Wentworth grain size chart from United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1195]]
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| '''Particle size''', also called '''grain size''', refers to the [[diameter]] of individual grains of [[sediment]], or the [[lithification|lithified]] particles in [[clastic rock]]s. The term may also be applied to other [[granular material]]s. This is different from the [[crystallite]] size, which is the size of a single [[crystal]] inside the particles or grains. A single grain can be composed of several [[crystal]]s. [[Granular material]] can range from very small [[colloid|colloidal particles]], through [[clay]], [[silt]], [[sand]], and [[gravel]], to [[boulder]]s.
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| ==Krumbein Phi Scale-United States==
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| Size ranges define limits of classes that are given names in the Wentworth scale (or Udden-Wentworth) used in the [[United States]]. The Krumbein ''phi'' (φ) scale, a modification of the Wentworth scale created by [[W. C. Krumbein]]<ref> http://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm/journals/v01-32/data/007/007001/pdfs/0003.pdf </ref> in 1937, is a [[logarithmic scale]] computed by the equation
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| :<math>\phi=-\log_2{D/D_0},</math>
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| where
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| :<math>\phi</math> is the Krumbein phi scale,
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| :<math>D</math> is the [[diameter]] of the particle, and
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| :<math>D_0</math> is a reference diameter, equal to 1 mm (to make the equation [[Dimensional analysis|dimensionally consistent]]).
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| This equation can be rearranged to find diameter using φ:
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| :<math>D=D_0 \times 2^{-\phi}\,</math>
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! φ scale
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| ! Size range<br>(metric)
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| ! Size range<br>(approx. inches)
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| ! Aggregate name<br>(Wentworth Class)
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| ! Other names
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| |-
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| | −8 <
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| | 256 mm <
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| | 10.1 in <
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| | [[Boulder]]
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| |-
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| | −6 to −8
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| | 64–256 mm
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| | 2.5–10.1 in
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| | [[Cobble (geology)|Cobble]]
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| |-
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| | −5 to −6
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| | 32–64 mm
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| | 1.26–2.5 in
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| | Very coarse [[gravel]]
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| | [[Pebble]]
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| |-
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| | −4 to −5
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| | 16–32 mm
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| | 0.63–1.26 in
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| | Coarse [[gravel]]
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| | [[Pebble]]
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| |-
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| | −3 to −4
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| | 8–16 mm
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| | 0.31–0.63 in
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| | Medium [[gravel]]
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| | [[Pebble]]
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| |-
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| | −2 to −3
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| | 4–8 mm
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| | 0.157–0.31 in
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| | Fine [[gravel]]
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| | [[Pebble]]
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| |-
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| | −1 to −2
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| | 2–4 mm
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| | 0.079–0.157 in
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| | Very fine [[gravel]]
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| | [[Granule (geology)|Granule]]
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| |-
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| | 0 to −1
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| | 1–2 mm
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| | 0.039–0.079 in
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| | Very coarse [[sand]]
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| |-
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| | 1 to 0
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| | ½–1 mm
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| | 0.020–0.039 in
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| | Coarse [[sand]]
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| |-
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| | 2 to 1
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| | ¼–½ mm
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| | 0.010–0.020 in
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| | Medium [[sand]]
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| |-
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| | 3 to 2
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| | 125–250 [[Micrometre|µm]]
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| | 0.0049–0.010 in
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| | Fine [[sand]]
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| |-
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| | 4 to 3
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| | 62.5–125 µm
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| | 0.0025–0.0049 in
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| | Very fine [[sand]]
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| |-
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| | 8 to 4
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| | 3.90625–62.5 µm
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| | 0.00015–0.0025 in
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| | [[Silt]]
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| | [[Mud]]
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| |-
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| | > 8
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| | < 3.90625 µm
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| | < 0.00015 in
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| | [[Clay]]
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| | [[Mud]]
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| |-
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| | > 10
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| | < 1 µm
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| | < 0.000039 in
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| | [[Colloid]]
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| | [[Mud]]
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| |}
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| In some schemes, gravel is anything larger than sand (comprising granule, pebble, cobble, and boulder in the table above).
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| ==International scale==
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| [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] 14688-1, establishes the basic principles for the identification and classification of soils on the basis of those material and mass characteristics most commonly used for soils for engineering purposes. ISO 14688-1 is applicable to natural soils ''in situ'', similar man-made materials ''in situ'' and soils redeposited by man.<ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25260 iso.org]</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ ISO 14688-1<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/52180815/6/Soil-classifcation-after-BS-EN-ISO-14688-1-2002 ISO 14688-1:2002 at scribd.com]</ref>
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| |-
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| ! colspan=3|name
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| ! size range
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| |-
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| | colspan=2 rowspan=3|Very coarse soil
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| | Large boulder, LBo
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| | >630 mm
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| |-
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| | Boulder, Bo
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| | 200 – 630 mm
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| |-
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| | Cobble, Co
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| | 63 – 200 mm
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| |-
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| | rowspan=6|Coarse soil
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| | rowspan=3|Gravel
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| | Coarse gravel, CGr
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| | 20 – 63 mm
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| |-
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| | Medium gravel, MGr
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| | 6.3 – 20 mm
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| |-
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| | Fine gravel, FGr
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| | 2.0 - 6.3 mm
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| |-
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| | rowspan=3|Sand
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| | Coarse sand, CSa
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| | 0.63 - 2.0 mm
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| |-
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| | Medium sand, MSa
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| | 0.2 - 0.63 mm
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| |-
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| | Fine sand, FSa
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| | 0.063 - 0.2 mm
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| |-
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| | rowspan=4|Fine soil
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| | rowspan=3|Silt
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| | Coarse silt, CSi
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| | 0.02 - 0.063 mm
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| |-
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| | Medium silt, MSi
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| | 0.0063 - 0.02 mm
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| |-
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| | Fine silt, FSi
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| | 0.002 - 0.0063 mm
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| |-
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| | colspan=2|Clay, Cl
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| | ≤0.002 mm
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| |}
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| ==Sorting==
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| An accumulation of sediment can also be characterized by the grain size distribution, called sorting. According to a formula by <ref>Folk, R.L., & Ward, W. (1957), Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain-size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 27, 3-26,</ref> the sorting can be quantified as
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! φ < 0.35
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| ! 0.35 < φ < 0.50
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| ! 0.50 < φ < 0.71
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| ! 0.71 < φ < 1.00
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| ! 1.00 < φ < 2.00
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| ! 2.00 < φ
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| |-
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| | very well sorted
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| | well sorted
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| | moderately well sorted
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| | moderately sorted
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| | poorly sorted
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| | very poorly sorted
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| |}
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Orders of magnitude (volume)]]
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| * [[Soil texture]]
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| * [[Substrate (biology)]]
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| * [[Unified Soil Classification System]] (USCS)
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * R D Dean & R A Dalrymple, ''Coastal Processes with Engineering Applications'' (Cambridge University Press, 2002)
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| * W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, ''Stratigraphy and Sedimentation'', 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
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| * J A Udden, "Mechanical composition of clastic sediments", Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 25, 655-744 (1914).
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| * C K Wentworth, "A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments", J. Geology V. 30, 377-392 (1922).
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| {{coastal geography}}
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| [[Category:Sedimentary rocks]]
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| [[Category:Pedology]]
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I’m Maybell from S-Hertogenbosch ԁoing my final yеar engineering in Latin American Studies. Ι dіd mү schooling, secured 84% аnd hope to find somеone witɦ ѕame interests in Shooting sport.
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