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{{Probability distribution
| name      =Lomax
| type      =density
| pdf_image  =
| cdf_image  =
| parameters =
<math>\lambda >0 </math> [[scale parameter|scale]] (real)<br />
<math>\alpha > 0 </math> [[shape parameter|shape]] (real)
| support    =<math> x \ge 0 </math>
| pdf        =<math> {\alpha \over \lambda} \left[{1+ {x \over \lambda}}\right]^{-(\alpha+1)}</math>
| cdf        =<math> 1- \left[{1+ {x \over \lambda}}\right]^{-\alpha}</math>
| mean      =<math> {\lambda \over {\alpha -1}} \text{ for } \alpha > 1</math><br /> Otherwise undefined
| median    =<math>\lambda (\sqrt[\alpha]{2} - 1)</math>
| mode      = 0
| variance  =<math> {{\lambda^2 \alpha} \over {(\alpha-1)^2(\alpha-2)}} \text{ for } \alpha > 2 </math><br /><math> \infty \text{ for } 1 < \alpha \le 2 </math> <br /> Otherwise undefined
| skewness  =<math>\frac{2(1+\alpha)}{\alpha-3}\,\sqrt{\frac{\alpha-2}{\alpha}}\text{ for }\alpha>3\,</math>
| kurtosis  =<math>\frac{6(\alpha^3+\alpha^2-6\alpha-2)}{\alpha(\alpha-3)(\alpha-4)}\text{ for }\alpha>4\,</math>
| entropy    =
| mgf        =
| char      =
}}
 
The '''Lomax distribution''', conditionally also called the '''[[Pareto_distribution#Pareto types I–IV|Pareto Type II distribution]]''', is a [[heavy tail|heavy-tail]] [[probability distribution]] often used in business, economics, and actuarial modeling.<ref>Lomax, K. S. (1954) "Business Failures; Another example of the analysis of failure data". ''[[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]'', 49, 847–852. {{jstor|2281544}}</ref><ref>Johnson, N.L., Kotz, S., Balakrishnan, N. (1994) ''Continuous Univariate Distributions, Volume 1'', 2nd Edition, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-58495-9 (pages 575, 602)</ref>  It is named after K.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Lomax. It is essentially a [[Pareto distribution]] that has been shifted so that its support begins at zero.<ref>Van Hauwermeiren M and Vose D (2009). [http://www.vosesoftware.com/content/ebook.pdf '' A Compendium of Distributions''] [ebook]. Vose Software, Ghent, Belgium. Available at www.vosesoftware.com. Accessed 07/07/11</ref>
 
== Characterization ==
=== Probability density function ===
The [[probability density function]] for the Lomax distribution is given by
:<math> p(x) = {\alpha \over \lambda} \left[{1+ {x \over \lambda}}\right]^{-(\alpha+1)}, \qquad x \geq 0,
</math>
with shape parameter α>0 and scale parameter λ>0. The density can be rewritten in such a way that more clearly shows the relation to the [[Pareto distribution|Pareto Type I distribution]]. That is:
:<math> p(x) = {{\alpha \lambda^\alpha} \over { (x+\lambda)^{\alpha+1}}}.</math>
 
== Relation to the Pareto distribution ==
The Lomax distribution is a [[Pareto distribution|Pareto Type I distribution]] shifted so that its support begins at zero. Specifically:
:<math>\text{If } Y \sim \mbox{Pareto}(x_m = \lambda, \alpha), \text{ then } Y - x_m \sim \mbox{Lomax}(\lambda,\alpha).</math>
 
The Lomax distribution is a [[Pareto_distribution#Pareto types I–IV|Pareto Type II distribution]] with ''x''<sub>m</sub>and μ=0:{{cn|date=October 2012}}
:<math>
\text{If } X \sim \mbox{Lomax}(\lambda,\alpha) \text{ then } X \sim \text{P(II)}(x_m = \lambda, \alpha, \mu=0).</math>
 
== Relation to generalized Pareto distribution ==
The Lomax distribution is a special case of the [[generalized Pareto distribution]]. Specifically:
 
:<math> \mu = 0,~ \xi = {1 \over \alpha},~ \sigma = {\lambda \over \alpha} .</math>
 
== Relation to q-exponential distribution ==
The Lomax distribution is a special case of the [[q-exponential distribution]]. The q-exponential extends this distribution to support on a bounded interval. The Lomax parameters are given by:
 
:<math> \alpha = { {2-q} \over {q-1}}, ~ \lambda = {1 \over \lambda_q (q-1)} .</math>
 
== Non-central moments ==
 
The <math>\nu</math>th non-central moment <math>E[X^\nu]</math> exists only if the shape parameter <math>\alpha</math> strictly exceeds <math>\nu</math>, when the moment has the value
:<math> E(X^\nu) = \frac{ \lambda^\nu \Gamma(\alpha-\nu)\Gamma(1+\nu)}{\Gamma(\alpha)}</math>
 
== See also ==
*[[Power law]]
 
==References==
<references />
{{ProbDistributions|continuous-semi-infinite}}
[[Category:Continuous distributions]]
[[Category:Probability distributions with non-finite variance]]
[[Category:Probability distributions]]

Revision as of 06:08, 10 December 2013

Template:Probability distribution

The Lomax distribution, conditionally also called the Pareto Type II distribution, is a heavy-tail probability distribution often used in business, economics, and actuarial modeling.[1][2] It is named after K. S. Lomax. It is essentially a Pareto distribution that has been shifted so that its support begins at zero.[3]

Characterization

Probability density function

The probability density function for the Lomax distribution is given by

with shape parameter α>0 and scale parameter λ>0. The density can be rewritten in such a way that more clearly shows the relation to the Pareto Type I distribution. That is:

Relation to the Pareto distribution

The Lomax distribution is a Pareto Type I distribution shifted so that its support begins at zero. Specifically:

The Lomax distribution is a Pareto Type II distribution with xm=λ and μ=0:Template:Cn

Relation to generalized Pareto distribution

The Lomax distribution is a special case of the generalized Pareto distribution. Specifically:

Relation to q-exponential distribution

The Lomax distribution is a special case of the q-exponential distribution. The q-exponential extends this distribution to support on a bounded interval. The Lomax parameters are given by:

Non-central moments

The th non-central moment exists only if the shape parameter strictly exceeds , when the moment has the value

See also

References

  1. Lomax, K. S. (1954) "Business Failures; Another example of the analysis of failure data". Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49, 847–852. Template:Jstor
  2. Johnson, N.L., Kotz, S., Balakrishnan, N. (1994) Continuous Univariate Distributions, Volume 1, 2nd Edition, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-58495-9 (pages 575, 602)
  3. Van Hauwermeiren M and Vose D (2009). A Compendium of Distributions [ebook]. Vose Software, Ghent, Belgium. Available at www.vosesoftware.com. Accessed 07/07/11

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