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[[File:Sakura Zensen.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The cherry blossom front in south Japan, 2007]]
The {{nihongo|'''cherry blossom front'''|桜前線|sakura zensen}} refers to the advance of the [[cherry blossoms]] across [[Japan]]. The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] records the opening and full bloom of the blossoms from [[Kyūshū]] in late March to [[Hokkaidō]] in the middle of May. The advancing front is also the subject of regular reports by the major [[Japanese newspapers|news agencies]]. The cherry blossom is of great public interest in Japan thanks to [[Cherry blossoms#Symbolism|its symbolism]] and the custom of [[Cherry blossoms#Flower viewing|flower viewing]] known as ''[[hanami]]''.
 
==Forecasts==
From 1951 the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] produced forecasts for the [[Kantō region]] and from 1955 for the whole of Japan excepting [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]] and the [[Amami Islands]].<ref name="method">{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/cb/kaisetu24sakura.pdf |title=新しいサクラの開花予想 |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref> From 2010, the Agency left forecasting to the [[private sector]] although it continues to observe and determine the impact of the climate upon the flowering of the cherry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0912/25a/091225sakura.pdf |title=気象庁におけるさくらの開花予想の発表終了について |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |date=25 December 2009 |accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="Asahi">{{cite news |url=http://www.asahi.com/eco/TKY201103250234.html |title=桜の標本木、進む代替わり 老齢化で後進育成急ピッチ |date=25 March 2011 |accessdate=1 March 2012 |work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref> The forecast is based on the [[Arrhenius equation]], with the formula
 
:<math>DTS = \exp ((9.5\times10^3).(\frac{T - 288.2}{288.2T}))</math>,
 
where T is the mean day temperature in [[Kelvin]] and DTS represents the number of days transformed to [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|standard temperature]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/cb/sakura.html |title=さくら開花予想方法について |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/120001497252 |title=Climatological Studies on Blooming of Cherry Tree (Prunus yedoensis) by Means of DTS Method |language=Japanese (Abstract in English) |author=Aono Yasuyuki |journal=Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture. Ser. B, Agriculture and life sciences |year=1993 |volume=45 |pages=155–92 |publisher=[[Osaka Prefecture University]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://filebox.vt.edu/users/ebren83/ai/final.doc |title=Predicting Peak Bloom Date of Cherry Blossoms: Finding an Optimal Heuristic |author1=Dass, Vidhya |author2=Brennan, Elizabeth |publisher=[[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University|Virginia Tech]] |accessdate=9 March 2012}}</ref>
 
==Blossoming==
The day of opening<ref group="note">[[Japanese language|Japanese terms]]: {{nihongo|day of opening|開花日}}; {{nihongo|day of full bloom|満開日}}; {{nihongo|sample tree|標本木}}; {{nihongo|cherry blossom forecast|さくらの開花予想}}</ref> is defined as the point at which at least five to six flowers have opened on the sample tree. The day of full bloom is when at least 80% of the flowers have opened. The [[Yoshino cherry]] is typically observed since, from the late [[Edo period]], it has been planted across the [[Japanese archipelago|archipelago]].<ref name="Cherry">{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura2010.pdf |title=さくらの開花日と満開日 |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref> Sample trees also include the [[Prunus subhirtella|Higan cherry]] in the south and ''[[Prunus sargentii]]'' (Sargent's cherry) in the north.<ref name="Cherry"/>
 
In 2006 it was reported that the cherry blossoms might overtake the [[plum blossoms]] before reaching Hokkaidō.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1515097/Cherries-winning-the-blossom-race.html |title=Cherries winning the blossom race |author=Joyce, Colin |date=7 April 2006 |accessdate=1 March 2012 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref>
 
==Sample trees==
[[File:Yasukuni 2008-3-28-2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|In [[Tokyo]] the sample tree specified by the Meteorological Agency is within the precincts of [[Yasukuni Jinja]]<ref name="Asahi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yasukuni.or.jp/news_detail.php?article_id=0105 |title=境内の桜(東京の開花標本木)開花状況の映像 |publisher=[[Yasukuni Jinja]] |accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref>]]
There are fifty-nine sample trees at any one time. Successor junior trees are selected from among prospective candidates when an incumbent becomes too old or is otherwise incapacitated.<ref name="Asahi"/> For instance, the sample tree in [[Mito, Ibaraki|Mito]] collapsed under the weight of [[snow]] in 2005, while that at the southern tip of [[Ishigaki Island]] was felled by a [[typhoon]] a year later.<ref name="Asahi"/> The fifty-nine sample trees are located across Japan, corresponding to the sites of the Agency's principal [[weather stations]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura2012_kaika.html |title=Cherry blossoms 2012 - day of opening |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |accessdate=1 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/link/link1.html |title=Agency Weather Stations (気象台, 測候所) |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |accessdate=2 March 2012 |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jma-net.go.jp/nagoya/hp/asl/oshirase/oshirase_090318.pdf |title=2009 revised forecast (Note 4. 気象台や測候所の定めた標本木) |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |accessdate=2 March 2012 |language=Japanese}}</ref>
* [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]]: [[Ishigaki Island|Ishigaki]], [[Miyako-jima]], [[Naha, Okinawa|Naha]], [[Minamidaitō]]
* [[Kyūshū]]/[[Yamaguchi Prefecture|Yamaguchi]]: [[Fukuoka]], [[Shimonoseki]], [[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]], [[Nagasaki]], [[Saga, Saga|Saga]], [[Kumamoto, Kumamoto|Kumamoto]], [[Miyazaki, Miyazaki|Miyazaki]], [[Kagoshima]], [[Amami, Kagoshima|Amami]] ([[Gappei|formerly]] [[Naze, Kagoshima|Naze]])
* [[Shikoku]]: [[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu]], [[Tokushima, Tokushima|Tokushima]], [[Matsuyama, Ehime|Matsuyama]], [[Kōchi, Kōchi|Kōchi]]
* [[Chūgoku region|Chūgoku]]: [[Hiroshima]], [[Okayama, Okayama|Okayama]], [[Matsue, Shimane|Matsue]], [[Tottori, Tottori|Tottori]]
* [[Kinki]]: [[Ōsaka]], [[Hikone, Shiga|Hikone]], [[Kyōto]], [[Maizuru, Kyoto|Maizuru]], [[Kobe]], [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], [[Wakayama, Wakayama|Wakayama]]
* [[Tōkai region|Tōkai]]: [[Nagoya]], [[Shizuoka, Shizuoka|Shizuoka]], [[Gifu, Gifu|Gifu]], [[Tsu, Mie|Tsu]]
* [[Kantō region|Kantō]]: [[Tōkyō]], [[Mito, Ibaraki|Mito]], [[Utsunomiya, Tochigi|Utsunomiya]], [[Maebashi, Gunma|Maebashi]], [[Kumagaya, Saitama|Kumagaya]], [[Chōshi, Chiba|Chōshi]], [[Yokohama]], [[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]], [[Kōfu, Yamanashi|Kōfu]]
* [[Hokuriku region|Hokuriku]]: [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]], [[Toyama, Toyama|Toyama]], [[Kanazawa, Ishikawa|Kanazawa]], [[Fukui, Fukui|Fukui]]
* [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]]: [[Sendai]], [[Aomori, Aomori|Aomori]], [[Akita, Akita|Akita]], [[Morioka, Iwate|Morioka]], [[Yamagata, Yamagata|Yamagata]], [[Fukushima, Fukushima|Fukushima]]
* [[Hokkaidō]]: [[Sapporo]], [[Wakkanai, Hokkaidō|Wakkanai]], [[Asahikawa, Hokkaidō|Asahikawa]], [[Abashiri, Hokkaidō|Abashiri]], [[Obihiro, Hokkaidō|Obihiro]], [[Kushiro, Hokkaidō|Kushiro]], [[Muroran, Hokkaidō|Muroran]], [[Hakodate, Hokkaidō|Hakodate]].
 
==See also==
* [[Hanami]]
* [[Ueno Park]]
 
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{ja icon}} [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura2012_kaika.html 2012 day of opening (JMA record)]
* {{ja icon}} [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura2012_mankai.html 2012 day of full bloom (JMA record)]
* {{ja icon}} [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura2011_kaika.html 2011 day of opening (JMA record)]
* {{ja icon}} [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura2011_mankai.html 2011 day of full bloom (JMA record)]
* {{ja icon}} [http://www.data.jma.go.jp/sakura/data/sakura_kaika2000-2010.htm JMA flowering data, 1953-2010]
 
[[Category:Cherry blossom]]
[[Category:Japanese culture]]
[[Category:Japan Meteorological Agency]]

Revision as of 08:51, 21 March 2013

File:Sakura Zensen.jpg
The cherry blossom front in south Japan, 2007

The Template:Nihongo refers to the advance of the cherry blossoms across Japan. The Japan Meteorological Agency records the opening and full bloom of the blossoms from Kyūshū in late March to Hokkaidō in the middle of May. The advancing front is also the subject of regular reports by the major news agencies. The cherry blossom is of great public interest in Japan thanks to its symbolism and the custom of flower viewing known as hanami.

Forecasts

From 1951 the Japan Meteorological Agency produced forecasts for the Kantō region and from 1955 for the whole of Japan excepting Okinawa and the Amami Islands.[1] From 2010, the Agency left forecasting to the private sector although it continues to observe and determine the impact of the climate upon the flowering of the cherry.[2][3] The forecast is based on the Arrhenius equation, with the formula

DTS=exp((9.5×103).(T288.2288.2T)),

where T is the mean day temperature in Kelvin and DTS represents the number of days transformed to standard temperature.[4][5][6]

Blossoming

The day of opening[note 1] is defined as the point at which at least five to six flowers have opened on the sample tree. The day of full bloom is when at least 80% of the flowers have opened. The Yoshino cherry is typically observed since, from the late Edo period, it has been planted across the archipelago.[7] Sample trees also include the Higan cherry in the south and Prunus sargentii (Sargent's cherry) in the north.[7]

In 2006 it was reported that the cherry blossoms might overtake the plum blossoms before reaching Hokkaidō.[8]

Sample trees

File:Yasukuni 2008-3-28-2.jpg
In Tokyo the sample tree specified by the Meteorological Agency is within the precincts of Yasukuni Jinja[3][9]

There are fifty-nine sample trees at any one time. Successor junior trees are selected from among prospective candidates when an incumbent becomes too old or is otherwise incapacitated.[3] For instance, the sample tree in Mito collapsed under the weight of snow in 2005, while that at the southern tip of Ishigaki Island was felled by a typhoon a year later.[3] The fifty-nine sample trees are located across Japan, corresponding to the sites of the Agency's principal weather stations:[10][11][12]

See also

Notes

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

  1. Template:Cite web
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  6. Template:Cite web
  7. 7.0 7.1 Template:Cite web
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