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{{other uses|Transformation (mathematics) (disambiguation)}} | |||
In mathematics, a '''unitary transformation''' may be informally defined as a [[transformation (mathematics)|transformation]] that preserves the [[inner product]]: the inner product of two vectors before the transformation is equal to their inner product after the transformation. | |||
More precisely, a '''unitary transformation''' is an [[isomorphism]] between two [[Hilbert space]]s. In other words, a ''unitary transformation'' is a [[bijective function]] | |||
:<math>U:H_1\to H_2\,</math> | |||
where <math>H_1</math> and <math>H_2</math> are Hilbert spaces, such that | |||
:<math>\langle Ux, Uy \rangle = \langle x, y \rangle</math> | |||
for all <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> in <math>H_1</math>. A unitary transformation is an [[isometry]], as one can see by setting <math>x=y</math> in this formula. | |||
In the case when <math>H_1</math> and <math>H_2</math> are the same space, a unitary transformation is an [[automorphism]] of that Hilbert space, and then it is also called a [[unitary operator]]. | |||
A closely related notion is that of '''[[antiunitary]] transformation''', which is a bijective function | |||
:<math>U:H_1\to H_2\,</math> | |||
between two [[complex number|complex]] Hilbert spaces such that | |||
:<math>\langle Ux, Uy \rangle = \overline{\langle x, y \rangle}=\langle y, x \rangle</math> | |||
for all <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> in <math>H_1</math>, where the horizontal bar represents the [[complex conjugate]]. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Antiunitary]] | |||
*[[Orthogonal transformation]] | |||
*[[Time reversal]] | |||
*[[Unitary group]] | |||
*[[Unitary operator]] | |||
*[[Unitary matrix]] | |||
*[[Wigner's Theorem]] | |||
{{Mathanalysis-stub}} | |||
[[Category:Linear algebra]] | |||
[[Category:Functional analysis]] | |||
[[ru:Унитарное преобразование]] | |||
Revision as of 22:14, 29 January 2014
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In mathematics, a unitary transformation may be informally defined as a transformation that preserves the inner product: the inner product of two vectors before the transformation is equal to their inner product after the transformation.
More precisely, a unitary transformation is an isomorphism between two Hilbert spaces. In other words, a unitary transformation is a bijective function
where and are Hilbert spaces, such that
for all and in . A unitary transformation is an isometry, as one can see by setting in this formula.
In the case when and are the same space, a unitary transformation is an automorphism of that Hilbert space, and then it is also called a unitary operator.
A closely related notion is that of antiunitary transformation, which is a bijective function
between two complex Hilbert spaces such that
for all and in , where the horizontal bar represents the complex conjugate.