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{{About|the mathematical number|other uses|6 (disambiguation)}}
:''Wasting could also mean [[Economic efficiency|inefficient]] and/or [[Effectiveness|ineffective]] [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]]. See [[waste]].''
{{Infobox number
{{wikt|wasting}}
| number = 6
In medicine, '''wasting''' refers to the process by which a debilitating [[disease]] causes [[muscle]] and [[fat]] [[biological tissue|tissue]] to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to [[stunted growth|stunting]], which is regarded as chronic malnutrition.
| numeral = [[senary]]
| divisor = 1, 2, 3, 6
| roman unicode = Ⅵ, ⅵ, ↅ
| greek prefix = [[Wiktionary:hexa-|hexa-]]/[[Wiktionary:hex-|hex-]]
| latin prefix = [[Wiktionary:sexa-|sexa-]]/[[Wiktionary:sex-|sex-]]
| lang1 = [[Greek numerals|Greek]]
| lang1 symbol = στ (or ΣΤ or ς)
| lang2 = [[Arabic language|Arabic]]  
| lang2 symbol = {{resize|150%|٦}}
| lang3 = [[Persian language|Persian]]  
| lang3 symbol = {{resize|150%|۶}}
|lang4 = [[Urdu]]
|lang4 symbol = {{Urdu numeral|6|20}}
| lang5 = [[Amharic language|Amharic]]
| lang5 symbol = ፮
| lang6 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| lang6 symbol = {{resize|150%|৬}}
| lang7 = [[Chinese numeral]]
| lang7 symbol = 六，陆
| lang8 = [[Devanāgarī]]
| lang8 symbol = {{resize|150%|६}}
| lang9 = [[Hebrew (language)|Hebrew]]
| lang9 symbol = {{resize|150%|ו}} (Vav)
| lang10 = [[Khmer numerals|Khmer]]
| lang10 symbol = ៦
| lang11 = [[Thai numerals|Thai]]
| lang11 symbol = ๖
| lang12 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| lang12 symbol = ౬
| lang13 = [[Tamil numerals|Tamil]]
| lang13 symbol = ௬
| lang14 = [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]
| lang14 symbol =  {{resize|200%|٦}}
}}
{{Wiktionary|six}}
'''6''' ('''six'''{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|k|s|}}) is the [[natural number]] following [[5 (number)|5]] and preceding [[7 (number)|7]].


The [[SI prefix]] for 1000<sup>6</sup> is [[exa]] (E), and for its  reciprocal [[atto-]] (a).
==Causes==
Wasting can be caused by an extremely low energy intake (e.g., caused by [[famine]]), nutrient losses due to infection, or a combination of low intake and high loss. Infections and conditions associated with wasting include [[tuberculosis]], chronic [[diarrhea]], [[AIDS]], and [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]. The mechanism may involve cachectin - also called tumor necrosis factor, a macrophage-secreted [[cytokine]].
Caretakers and health providers can sometimes contribute to wasting if the patient is placed on an improper diet.
Voluntary weight loss and [[eating disorder]]s are excluded as causes of wasting.


==In mathematics==
==Classification==
6 is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a [[prime number]].
*Children: Weight-for-height (WFH). In infants under 24 months, recumbent (supine) length is used. WFH as % of median reference value is calculated this way:
Six is the second smallest [[composite number]]; its proper [[divisor]]s are [[1 (number)|1]], [[2 (number)|2]] and [[3 (number)|3]].


Since six equals the sum of its proper divisors, six is the smallest [[perfect number]], [[Granville number]], and <math>\mathcal{S}</math>-perfect number.<ref>{{cite book |title=Number Story: From Counting to Cryptography |last=Higgins |first=Peter |year=2008 |publisher=Copernicus |location=New York |isbn=978-1-84800-000-1 |page=11 |pages= }}</ref><ref name=OEIS>{{cite web|title=Granville number|url=http://oeis.org/|work=OeisWiki|publisher=The Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences|accessdate=27 March 2011| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110329130407/http://oeis.org/| archivedate= 29 March 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{WFH} = \frac{\mbox{weight of a given child}}{\mbox{median weight for a given child of that height}} \times 100</math>


As a perfect number:
Cutoff points may vary, but <80% (close to -2 [[Z-score]]) is often used.
*6 is related to the [[Mersenne prime]] 3, since 2<sup>1</sup>(2<sup>2</sup> - 1) = 6. (The next perfect number is [[28 (number)|28]].)
*6 is the only even perfect number that is not the sum of successive odd cubes.<ref>David Wells, ''[[The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers]]''. London: Penguin Books (1987): 67</ref>
*As a perfect number, 6 is the root of the 6-aliquot tree, and is itself the [[aliquot sum]] of only one number; the [[square number]], [[25 (number)|25]].


Six is the only number that is both the sum and the product of three consecutive positive numbers.<ref>Peter Higgins, ''Number Story''. London: Copernicus Books (2008): 12</ref>
*Adults:
**[[Body Mass Index]] (BMI) is the quotient between weight and height squared (kg/m<sup>2</sup>). An individual with a BMI < 18.5 is regarded as a case of wasting.
**Percent of body weight lost (At Tufts, an unintentional loss of 6% or more in 6 months is regarded as wasting)


Unrelated to 6 being a perfect number, a [[Golomb ruler]] of length 6 is a "perfect ruler."<ref>Bryan Bunch, ''The Kingdom of Infinite Number''. New York: W. H. Freeman & Company (2000): 72</ref> Six is a [[congruent number]].
== See also ==
* [[Atrophy]]
* [[Cachexia]]
* [[Weight loss]]
* [[Anorexia (symptom)|Anorexia]]
* [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]


Six is the first discrete biprime (2.3) and the first member of the (2.q) discrete biprime family.
==External links==
 
*http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no6/03-1082.htm
Six is a [[unitary perfect number]], a [[harmonic divisor number]] and a [[superior highly composite number]], the last to also be a [[primorial]]. The next superior highly composite number is [[12 (number)|12]].  The next primorial is [[30 (number)|30]].
*http://www.tufts.edu/med/nutrition-infection/hiv/health_weight_loss.html
 
*http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/587/1/325
5 and 6 form a [[Ruth-Aaron pair]] under either definition.
 
The smallest non-[[abelian group|abelian]] [[group (mathematics)|group]] is the [[symmetric group]] ''S''<sub>3</sub> which has [[factorial|3!]] = 6 elements.
 
''S''<sub>6</sub>, with 720 elements, is the only finite symmetric group which has an [[outer automorphism]]. This automorphism allows us to construct a number of exceptional mathematical objects such as the S(5,6,12) [[Steiner system]], the [[projective plane]] of order 4 and the [[Hoffman-Singleton graph]]. A closely related result is the following theorem: 6 is the only natural number ''n'' for which there is a construction of ''n'' [[isomorphic]] objects on an ''n''-set ''A'', invariant under all permutations of ''A'', but not naturally in 1-1 correspondence with the elements of ''A''. This can also be expressed category theoretically: consider the [[category (mathematics)|category]] whose objects are the ''n'' element sets and whose arrows are the [[bijection]]s between the sets. This category has a non-trivial [[functor]] to itself only for ''n''=6.
 
6 similar coins can be arranged around a central coin of the same radius so that each coin makes contact with the central one (and touches both its neighbors without a gap), but seven cannot be so arranged. This makes 6 the answer to the two-dimensional [[kissing number problem]]. The densest [[sphere packing]] of the plane is obtained by extending this pattern to the [[hexagon]]al [[lattice (group)|lattice]] in which each circle touches just six others.
 
[[File:120px-Hexahedron-slowturn.gif|frame|left|A [[cube]] has 6 [[Face (geometry)|faces]]]]
6 is the largest of the four [[Harshad number|all-Harshad number]]s.
 
A six-sided [[polygon]] is a hexagon, one of the three regular polygons capable of [[tessellation|tiling the plane]]. [[Figurate number]]s representing hexagons (including six) are called [[hexagonal number]]s. Because 6 is the product of a power of 2 (namely 2<sup>1</sup>) with nothing but distinct [[Fermat prime]]s (specifically 3), a regular hexagon is a [[constructible polygon]].
 
Six is also an [[octahedral number]]. It is a [[triangular number]] and so is its square ([[36 (number)|36]]).
 
There are six basic [[trigonometric functions]].
 
There are six [[Convex regular 4-polytope|convex regular polytopes]] in four [[dimensions]].
 
Six is the four-bit [[binary numeral system|binary]] complement of number [[9 (number)|nine]] (6 = 0110<sub>2</sub> and 9 = 1001<sub>2</sub>).
 
The [[six exponentials theorem]] guarantees (given the right conditions on the exponents) the transcendence of at least one of a set of exponentials.
 
All primes above 3 are of the form 6n±1 for n≥1.
 
===In numeral systems===
{| class=wikitable
|-
! [[Radix|Base]] !! [[Numeral system]] !! Representation
|-
| 2 || [[Binary numeral system|binary]] || 110
|-
| 3 || [[Ternary numeral system|ternary]] || 20
|-
| 4 || [[quaternary numeral system|quaternary]] || 12
|-
| 5 || [[quinary]] || 11
|-
| 6 || [[senary]] || 10
|-
| colspan=2 | over 6 ([[decimal]], [[hexadecimal]]) || 6
|}
 
In bases 10, 15 and 30, 6 is a 1-[[automorphic number]].
 
===List of basic calculations===
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
|-
! style="width:105px;"|[[Multiplication]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
! style="width:5px;"|
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
! style="width:5px;"|
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
! style="width:5px;"|
!50
!100
!1000
|-
|<math>6 \times x</math>
|'''6'''
|[[12 (number)|12]]
|[[18 (number)|18]]
|[[24 (number)|24]]
|[[30 (number)|30]]
|[[36 (number)|36]]
|[[42 (number)|42]]
|[[48 (number)|48]]
|[[54 (number)|54]]
|[[60 (number)|60]]
!
|[[66 (number)|66]]
|[[72 (number)|72]]
|[[78 (number)|78]]
|[[84 (number)|84]]
|[[90 (number)|90]]
|[[96 (number)|96]]
|[[102 (number)|102]]
|[[108 (number)|108]]
|[[114 (number)|114]]
|[[120 (number)|120]]
!
|[[126 (number)|126]]
|[[132 (number)|132]]
|[[138 (number)|138]]
|[[144 (number)|144]]
|[[150 (number)|150]]
!
|[[300 (number)|300]]
|[[600 (number)|600]]
|[[6000 (number)|6000]]
|}
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
|-
! style="width:105px;"|[[Division (mathematics)|Division]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
! style="width:5px;"|
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
|-
|<math>6 \div x</math>
|'''6'''
|3
|2
|1.5
|1.2
|1
|<math>0.\overline{85714}\overline{2}</math>
|0.75
|<math>0.\overline{6}</math>
|0.6
!
|<math>0.\overline{5}\overline{4}</math>
|0.5
|<math>0.\overline{46153}\overline{8}</math>
|<math>0.\overline{42857}\overline{1}</math>
|0.4
|-
|<math>x \div 6</math>
|<math>0.1\overline{6}</math>
|<math>0.\overline{3}</math>
|0.5
|<math>0.\overline{6}</math>
|<math>0.8\overline{3}</math>
|1
|<math>1.1\overline{6}</math>
|<math>1.\overline{3}</math>
|1.5
|<math>1.\overline{6}</math>
!
|<math>1.8\overline{3}</math>
|2
|<math>2.1\overline{6}</math>
|<math>2.\overline{3}</math>
|2.5
|}
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
|-
! style="width:105px;"|[[Exponentiation]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
! style="width:5px;"|
!11
!12
!13
|-
|<math>6 ^ x\,</math>
|'''6'''
|36
|[[216 (number)|216]]
|1296
|7776
|46656
|279936
|1679616
|10077696
|60466176
!
|362797056
|2176782336
|13060694016
|-
|<math>x ^ 6\,</math>
|1
|[[64 (number)|64]]
|729
|4096
|15625
|46656
|117649
|262144
|531441
|[[1000000 (number)|1000000]]
!
|1771561
|2985984
|4826809
|}
 
==Greek and Latin word parts==
 
===''Hexa''===
'''''Hexa''''' is classical [[Greek language|Greek]] for "six". Thus:
* "[[Hexadecimal]]" combines ''hexa-'' with the Latinate ''decimal'' to name a [[number base]] of 16
* A [[hexagon]] is a [[regular polygon]] with six sides
** ''L’Hexagone'' is a French nickname for the continental part of [[Metropolitan France]]
* A [[hexahedron]] is a [[polyhedron]] with six faces, with a [[cube (geometry)|cube]] being a special case
* [[Hexameter]] is a poetic form consisting of six feet per line
*A "hex nut" is a [[Nut (hardware)|nut]] with six sides, and a hex [[Screw|bolt]] has a six-sided head
*The prefix "hexa-" also occurs in the [[systematic name]] of many [[chemical compound]]s, such as "[[hexamethyl]]"
 
===The prefix ''sex-''===
'''''Sex-''''' is a [[Latin]] [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] meaning "six". Thus:
*''Senary'' is the ordinal adjective meaning "sixth"
*People with [[sexdactyly]] have six fingers on each hand (see above photo)
*The measuring instrument called a [[sextant]] got its name because its shape forms one-sixth of a whole [[circle]]
*A group of six musicians is called a [[sextet]]
*Six babies delivered in one birth are [[sextuplet]]s
 
== Evolution of the glyph ==
[[File:Evolution6glyph.png|x50px|right]]
The evolution of our modern glyph for 6 appears rather simple when compared with that for the other numerals. Our modern 6 can be traced back to the [[Brahmin]]s of [[India]], who wrote it in one stroke like a cursive lowercase e rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Gradually, the upper part of the stroke (above the central squiggle) became more curved, while the lower part of the stroke (below the central squiggle) became straighter. The Ghubar Arabs dropped the part of the stroke below the squiggle. From there, the European evolution to our modern 6 was very straightforward, aside from a flirtation with a glyph that looked more like an uppercase G.<ref>Georges Ifrah, ''The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer'' transl. David Bellos et al. London: The Harvill Press (1998): 395, Fig. 24.66</ref>
 
On the [[seven-segment display]]s of calculators and watches, 6 is usually written with six segments. Some historical calculator models use just five segments for the 6, by omitting the top horizontal bar. This glyph variant has not caught on; for calculators that can display results in hexadecimal, a 6 that looks like a 'b' is not practical.
 
Just as in most modern [[typeface]]s, in typefaces with [[text figures]] the 6 character usually has an [[Ascender (typography)|ascender]], as, for example, in [[File:Text figures 036.svg|52px]].
 
This numeral resembles an inverted ''9''. To disambiguate the two on objects and documents that can be inverted, the 6 has often been underlined, both in handwriting and on printed labels.
 
==In music==
[[File:Guitar 1.jpg|thumb|200px|A standard [[guitar]] has 6 [[String instrument|strings]]]]
 
===In artists===
*[[Les Six]] ("The Six" in English) was a group consisting of the French composers [[Georges Auric]], [[Louis Durey]], [[Arthur Honegger]], [[Darius Milhaud]], [[Francis Poulenc]] and [[Germaine Tailleferre]] in the 1920s
*Bands with the number six in their name include [[Six Organs of Admittance]], 6 O'clock Saints, [[Electric Six]], [[Eve 6]], [[Los Xey]] (''sei'' is Basque for "six"), Out On Blue Six, Six In Six, [[Sixpence None the Richer]], [[Slant 6]], Vanity 6, and [[You Me At Six]]
* #6 is the pseudonym of [[United States|American]] musician [[Shawn Crahan]], when performing with the band [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]]
 
===In instruments===
*A standard [[guitar]] has 6 strings
*Most [[woodwind]] instruments have 6 basic holes or keys (e.g., bassoon, clarinet, pennywhistle, saxophone); these holes or keys are usually not given numbers or letters in the fingering charts
 
===In music theory===
*There are 6 semitones in a tritone
 
===In works===
*"Six geese a-laying" were given as a present on the sixth day in the popular [[Christmas carol]], "[[The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)|The Twelve Days of Christmas]]."
*Divided in six arias, [[Hexachordum Apollinis]] is generally regarded as one of the pinnacles of [[Johann Pachelbel]]'s oeuvre.
*The  concerti grossi Opus 3, organ concertos Opus 4 and Opus 7 (each) by [[Georg Frideric Handel]].
*The sixth album by Dream Theater, ''Six Degrees Of Inner Turbulence'', was based around the number six: the album has six songs, and the sixth song&nbsp;— that is, the complete second disc&nbsp;— explores the stories of six individuals suffering from various mental illnesses.
 
==In religion==
[[File:Black Star of David.svg|100px|right]]
*There are 6:
**Points on a [[Star of David]]
**Orders of the [[Mishnah]]
**Symbolic foods placed on the [[Passover Seder Plate]]
*[[Yahweh]] took 6 days to create the world in the [[Old Testament]] [[Book of Genesis]]; humankind was created on day 6. In the [[City of God (book)|''City of God'']], [[Augustine of Hippo]] suggested ([http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120111.htm book 11, chapter 30]) that God's creation of the world took six days because 6 is a [[perfect number]].
*The [[Judaism|Jewish]] holiday of [[Shavuot]] starts on the sixth day of the [[Hebrew calendar|Hebrew]] month of [[Sivan]]
*In Islam:
**There are [[Six articles of belief]]
**Fasting six days of [[Shawwal]], together with the month of [[Ramadan]], is equivalent to fasting the whole year
*In [[Āstika and nāstika|Hindu theology]], a ''[[Hindu_units_of_measurement#Small units of time used in the Vedas|trasarenu]]'' is the combination of 6 celestial ''paramānus'' ([[Vaisheshika#The_atomic_theory|atoms]])
See also [[666 (number)|666]].
 
==In science==
 
===Astronomy===
*[[Messier object]] [[Messier Object 6|M6]], a magnitude 4.5 [[open cluster]] in the constellation [[Scorpius]], also known as the [[Butterfly Cluster]]
*The [[New General Catalogue]] [http://www.ngcic.org/ object] [[NGC 6]], a  [[spiral galaxy]] in the [[constellation]] [[Andromeda constellation|Andromeda]]
*The [[Saros number|Saros]] [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaros1-175.html number] of the [[solar eclipse]] series which began on [[-2691]] March 16 and ended on [[-1393]] May 3. The duration of Saros series 6 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 solar eclipses
*The Saros [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEsaros/LEsaros1-175.html number] of the [[lunar eclipse]] series which began on [[-2642]] July 25 and ended on [[-1091]] February 10. The duration of Saros series 6 was 1550.6 years, and it contained 87 lunar eclipses
* The Roman numeral VI:
**Stands for [[subdwarf]]s in the [[stellar classification|Yerkes spectral classification scheme]]
**(Usually) stands for the sixth-discovered satellite of a planet or minor planet (e.g. [[Jupiter VI]])
 
===Biology===
*The cells of a [[beehive]] are [[hexagon|6-sided]]
*[[Insects]] have 6 [[leg]]s
 
===Chemistry===
[[File:Benzene structure.png|right|A [[molecule]] of [[benzene]] has a [[Aromaticity|ring]] of 6 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s]]
*A benzene molecule has a ring of 6 carbon atoms
*6 is the [[atomic number]] of carbon
*The sixfold [[symmetry]] of [[snowflake]]s arises from the [[hexagon]]al [[crystal structure]] of [[Ice|ordinary ice]]
*A [[hexamer]] is an oligomer made of six subunits
[[File:Bienenwabe mit Eiern und Brut 5.jpg|thumb|200px|The cells of a [[beehive]] are 6-sided]]
 
===Medicine===
*There are 6 tastes in traditional Indian Medicine called [[Ayurveda]]: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent. These tastes are used to suggest a diet based on the symptoms of the body
*Phase 6 is one of six [[WHO pandemic phases|pandemic influenza phases]]
 
===Physics===
[[File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|right|200px|In the [[Standard Model]] of [[particle physics]], there are 6 [[Flavour (particle physics)|types]] of [[quark]] and 6 types of [[lepton]]]]
*In the Standard Model of particle physics, there are 6 types of [[quarks]] and 6 types of [[leptons]]
*In [[statistical mechanics]], the [[Ice-type model|six-vertex model]] has 6 possible configurations of arrows at each vertex
 
==In sports==
* 6 entities in a grouping:
**The National Basketball Association has six divisions (the National Hockey League had six divisions until realigning into four divisions for the 2013-14 season)
**The [[Original Six]] teams in the National Hockey League are Toronto, [[Chicago Blackhawks|Chicago]], [[Montreal Canadiens|Montreal]], [[New York Rangers|New York]], [[Boston Bruins|Boston]], and Detroit. They are the oldest remaining teams in the league, though not necessarily the first six; they comprised the entire league from [[1942–43 NHL season|1942]] to [[1967 NHL expansion|1967]]
**In American [[college football]], there are [[BCS conference#Popular usage|six conferences]] that automatically qualify for [[Bowl Championship Series]] games
*Number of players:
**[[Six-man football]] is a variant of American or Canadian football, played by smaller schools with insufficient enrollment to field the traditional 11-man (American) or 12-man (Canadian) squad
**In football (soccer), the number of substitutes combined by both teams, that are allowed in the game.
**In [[ice hockey]], the number of players per team, including the goaltender, that are on the ice at any one time, excluding penalty situations.
**In [[volleyball]], 6 players from each team on each side play against each other
*Scoring and related terminology:
**In some [[sports]], 6 goals is known as a double-hat-trick, but is very hard to accomplish
**In [[American football|American]] and [[Canadian football]], a [[touchdown]] earns 6 points
**In Australian Rules football, six points are received for a goal
**In [[baseball scorekeeping]], the number 6 represents the [[shortstop]]'s position.
**In [[cricket]] (See [[cricket terminology#S|cricket terminology]]):
***a "six" or "sixer" is a shot in which the ball clears the [[boundary (cricket)|boundary]] without bouncing, scoring six runs
***there are six balls to an [[over (cricket)|over]]
*Jersey number 6 and car number 6:
**In [[football (soccer)|football/soccer]]:
***Is the number of AC Milan's centre back and captain [[Franco Baresi]]; the shirt was retired in 1997
**In [[NASCAR]]:
***The number 6 is currently owned by [[Roush Fenway Racing]]. Since the 2007 season, the first year in which Roush Racing was merged with the [[Fenway Sports Group]] that owns the Boston Red Sox, the [[Sprint Cup Series|Cup Series]] version of the car has been driven by [[David Ragan]]. From 1988 to 2006, [[Mark Martin]] drove the #6 in the Cup Series for what was then Roush Racing.
**In rugby:
***In most [[rugby league]] competitions (but not the European [[Super League]], which uses static squad numbering), the jersey number 6 is worn by the starting [[five-eighth]] (Southern Hemisphere term) or [[stand-off half]] (Northern Hemisphere term).
***In [[rugby union]], the starting blindside flanker wears jersey number 6. (Some teams use "left" and "right" flankers instead of "openside" and "blindside", with 6 being worn by the starting left flanker.)
** The jersey number 6 has been retired by several [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|North American sports]] teams in honor of past playing greats or other key figures (or, in two cases, a team's fans):
*** In [[Major League Baseball]]:
**** The [[Atlanta Braves]], for [[manager (baseball)|manager]] [[Bobby Cox]]
**** The [[Boston Red Sox]], for [[Johnny Pesky]]
**** The [[Detroit Tigers]], for [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Famer]] [[Al Kaline]]
**** The [[Minnesota Twins]], for [[Tony Oliva]]
**** The [[St. Louis Cardinals]], for Hall of Famer [[Stan Musial]]
**** The [[San Diego Padres]], for [[Steve Garvey]]
*** In the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]:
**** The [[Boston Celtics]], for [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Bill Russell]]
**** The [[Orlando Magic]], for their fans (the "sixth man")
**** The [[Philadelphia 76ers]], for Hall of Famer [[Julius Erving]]
**** The [[Phoenix Suns]], for [[Walter Davis (basketball)|Walter Davis]]
**** The [[Sacramento Kings]], also for their fans
*** In the [[National Football League|NFL]]:
**** The [[Kansas City Chiefs]], for [[Warren McVea]]
*** In the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]:
**** The [[Detroit Red Wings]], for [[Larry Aurie]]
**** The [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], for [[Ian Ackerman]]
**** The [[Toronto Maple Leafs]], for [[Hockey Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Ace Bailey]]. The Leafs have a unique policy of not retiring numbers unless the player honoured either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Bailey suffered a fractured skull during a game in 1933; while he recovered and lived for nearly 60 years after the incident, he never played again. The Leafs would issue the number to [[Ron Ellis]] in 1968 at Bailey's personal request, and Ellis wore it until his own retirement in 1981.
 
==In technology==
[[File:U+2678 DejaVu Sans.svg|80px|right|6 as a resin identification code, used in recycling.]]
*On most phones, the 6 key is associated with the letters [[M]], [[N]], and [[O]], but on the [[BlackBerry]] it is the key for [[J]] and [[K]], and on the BlackBerry 8700 series and [[BlackBerry Curve 8900|Curve 8900]] with full keyboard, it is the key for [[F]]
*The "[[6-meter band]]" in [[amateur radio]] includes the frequencies from 50 to 54&nbsp;MHz
*6 is the [[resin identification code]] used in recycling to identify [[polystyrene]]
 
==In calendars==
*In the ancient [[Roman calendar]], [[Sextilis]] was the sixth month. After the [[Julian calendar|Julian reform]], June became the sixth month and Sextilis was renamed August
*[[Sextidi]] was the sixth day of the [[decade]] in the [[French Revolutionary calendar]]
 
==In the arts and entertainment==
*''[[The Super 6]]'' - 1966 animated cartoon series featuring six different super-powered heroes.
*The [[Bionic Six]] are the heroes of the eponymous animated series
*The number of sides on a cube, hence the highest number on a standard [[dice|die]]
*The highest number on one end of a standard [[Dominoes|domino]]
*[[The Power of Six]] is a book written by Pittacus Lore, and the second in the [[Lorien Legacies]] series.
*[[Number Six (Battlestar Galactica)|Number Six]] ([[Tricia Helfer]]), is a family of fictional characters from the reimagined science fiction television series, [[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)|Battlestar Galactica]]
*Number 6 is a character in the book series [[Lorien Legacies]]
*Number 6 ([[Teresa Palmer]]) is a character in the movie ''[[I Am Number Four (film)|I Am Number Four]]'' (2011)
*Number 6, the main protagonist in ''[[The Prisoner]]'' played by [[Patrick McGoohan]], portrayed by [[Jim Caviezel]] in [[The Prisoner (2009 miniseries)|the remake.]]
 
==In other fields==
[[File:ICS Six.svg|right|thumb|66px|[[International maritime signal flags|International maritime signal flag]] for 6]]
[[File:Polydactyly 01 Lhand AP.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Radiography|X-ray]] of a [[Polydactyly|polydactyl]] [[human]] [[hand]] with six [[finger]]s]]
 
*The standard term in office for a [[United States senate|United States senator]] is six years
*The name of the smallest group of [[Cub Scout]]s, traditionally consisting of six people and is led by a 'sixer'.
*[[Six pack]] is a common form of packaging for six bottles or cans of drink (especially beer), and by extension, other assemblages of six items.
*The number of fundamental [[flight instruments]] lumped together on a cockpit display, called the [[Basic Six|six-pack]].
*The number of [[Foot (length)|feet]] below ground level a [[coffin]] is traditionally buried; thus, the phrase "six feet under" means that a person (or thing, or concept) is dead
*In [[Astrology]], [[Virgo (astrology)|Virgo]] is the 6th [[astrological sign]] of the [[Zodiac]]
*The number of dots in a [[Braille]] cell.
*The number of Royal Stickers that [[Mario]] must collect in the [[Nintendo 3DS]] game ''[[Paper Mario: Sticker Star]]''
*There are said to be no more than [[six degrees of separation]] between any two people on Earth. See also [[Six degrees (disambiguation)]].
*[[Extra-sensory perception]] is sometimes called the "sixth sense"
*Six [[Cardinal Directions]]: [[north]], [[south]], [[east]], [[west]], [[wikt:up|up]], and [[wikt:down|down]]
*The [[Six Dynasties]] form part of [[Chinese history]]
*6 is a lucky [[number in Chinese culture]]
*The [[Birmingham Six]] were held in prison for 16 years
*"Six" is used as an informal slang term for the British Secret Intelligence Service, [[MI6]]
*[[Six Flags]] amusement parks and theme parks
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}


* ''The Odd Number 6'', JA Todd, Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 41 (1945) 66—68
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: General]]
* ''A Property of the Number Six'', Chapter 6, P Cameron, JH v. Lint, ''Designs, Graphs, Codes and their Links'' ISBN 0-521-42385-6
* Wells, D. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers'' London: Penguin Group. (1987): 67 - 69
 
==External links==
* [http://www.numdic.com/6 The Number 6]
* [http://www.positiveintegers.org/6 The Positive Integer 6]
* [http://primes.utm.edu/curios/page.php/6.html Prime curiosities: 6]


{{Integers|zero}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:6 (Number)}}
{{disease-stub}}
[[Category:Integers|06]]

Revision as of 17:10, 10 August 2014

Wasting could also mean inefficient and/or ineffective consumption. See waste.

Template:Wikt In medicine, wasting refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to stunting, which is regarded as chronic malnutrition.

Causes

Wasting can be caused by an extremely low energy intake (e.g., caused by famine), nutrient losses due to infection, or a combination of low intake and high loss. Infections and conditions associated with wasting include tuberculosis, chronic diarrhea, AIDS, and Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The mechanism may involve cachectin - also called tumor necrosis factor, a macrophage-secreted cytokine. Caretakers and health providers can sometimes contribute to wasting if the patient is placed on an improper diet. Voluntary weight loss and eating disorders are excluded as causes of wasting.

Classification

  • Children: Weight-for-height (WFH). In infants under 24 months, recumbent (supine) length is used. WFH as % of median reference value is calculated this way:
WFH=weight of a given childmedian weight for a given child of that height×100

Cutoff points may vary, but <80% (close to -2 Z-score) is often used.

  • Adults:
    • Body Mass Index (BMI) is the quotient between weight and height squared (kg/m2). An individual with a BMI < 18.5 is regarded as a case of wasting.
    • Percent of body weight lost (At Tufts, an unintentional loss of 6% or more in 6 months is regarded as wasting)

See also

External links


Template:Disease-stub

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