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File:Cayley graph Pauli.svg

The Möbius–Kantor graph, the Cayley graph of the Pauli group $G_1$ with generators X, Y, and Z

In physics and mathematics, the Pauli group $G_1$ on 1 qubit is the 16-element matrix group consisting of the 2 × 2 identity matrix $I$ and all of the Pauli matrices

$X={\sigma }_1=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ 1& 0\end{array}\right),Y={\sigma }_2=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0& -i\\ i& 0\end{array}\right),Z={\sigma }_3=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 0& -1\end{array}\right)$,

together with the products of these matrices with the factors $-1$ and $\pm i$:

$G_1\stackrel{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}{=}\{\pm I,\pm iI,\pm X,\pm iX,\pm Y,\pm iY,\pm Z,\pm iZ\}\equiv ⟨X,Y,Z⟩$.

The Pauli group is generated by the Pauli matrices, and like them it is named after Wolfgang Pauli.

The Pauli group on n qubits, $G_n$, is the group generated by the operators described above applied to each of $n$ qubits in the tensor product Hilbert space $({\mathbb{ℂ}}^2{)}^{\otimes n}$.

References

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