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Color–flavor locking (CFL) is a phenomenon that is expected to occur in ultra-high-density strange matter, a form of quark matter. The quarks form Cooper pairs, whose color properties are correlated with their flavor properties in an one-to-one correspondence between three color pairs and three flavor pairs. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, the color-flavor-locked phase is the highest-density phase of three-flavor matter.[1]

Color-flavor-locked Cooper pairing

If each quark is represented as ψiα, with color index α taking values 1, 2, 3 corresponding to red, green, and blue, and flavor index i taking values 1, 2, 3 corresponding to up, down, and strange, then the color-flavor-locked pattern of Cooper pairing is [2]

ψiαCγ5ψjβδiαδjβδjαδiβ=ϵαβAϵijA

This means that a Cooper pair of an up quark and a down quark must have colors red and green, and so on. This pairing pattern is special because it leaves a large unbrokenTemplate:Clarify symmetry group.

Physical properties

The CFL phase has several remarkable properties.

There are several variants of the CFL phase, representing distortions of the pairing structure in response to external stresses such as a difference between the mass of the strange quark and the mass of the up and down quarks.

References

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