NAIRU

To make the tax system more progressive, the Government is raising property tax charges for top-end residential properties in Singapore Finances 2013, with the most important increases making use of to investment properties that are not occupied by their homeowners.

a) The maximum strata ground area of recent EC items can be capped at a hundred and sixty square metres. b) Gross sales of latest twin-key EC items will likely be restricted to multi-generational households only. Loans exceeding 30 years tenure will face significantly tighter mortgage-to-worth (LTV) limits. This will apply to both personal properties and HDB flats. New rules on mortgage tenure A concession to defer Stamp Obligation fee on all contracts was launched in June 1998 as part of the off-budget measures to cushion the affect of economic slowdown. The Government has decided to withdraw the concession with fast impact (from 15 December 2006) because the economic conditions and the property market have improved. A) Progressive tax charges for non-owner occupied properties Dog Will get Helps For Home Hearth

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The Institute of Property Brokers (IEA) has published beneficial commissions/fees for real property transactions. Check with the seller that any renovations and/or alterations to the property had been authorised and are authorized. Agree with the seller that if the authorities ought to require any unlawful renovations and/or alterations to be rectified, the vendor will likely be accountable for rectification works, at his expense. Engage a Solicitor Judging from the land obtainable for the subsequent six months and the value of land at this degree, we most likely would have a extra ‘wait-and-see' perspective," Cheng Wai Keung said at a information briefing earlier than the HDB announced its new measures. ALL ITEMS TOTALLY BOUGHT view this project JLL 2nd Quarter 2014 Actual Property Statistics 8xxpsf view this undertaking

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The federal government has seen some trigger for alarm in the nation's property market and reacted by emplacing some curbs to control exercise, forcing you, as a potential investor, to look beyond local shores. The instant consequence is that the algorithm you were so comfortable with at home exit the window. The property market overseas can be a minefield for those who don't maintain your wits about you. In different words, do your homework thoroughly; don't be misled by hyperbole or hearsay and bind yourself to an funding. Proceed Reading → In algebra, a transformation semigroup (or composition semigroup) is a collection of functions from a set to itself that is closed under function composition. If it includes the identity function, it is a transformation (or composition) monoid. This is the semigroup anologue of a permutation group.

A transformation semigroup of a set has a tautological semigroup action on that set. Such actions are characterized by being effective, i.e., if two elements of the semigroup have the same action, then they are equal.

An analogue of Cayley's theorem shows that any semigroup can be realized as a transformation semigroup of some set.

Transformation semigroups and monoids

A transformation semigroup is a pair (X,S), where X is a set and S is a semigroup of transformations of X. Here a transformation of X is just a function from X to itself, not necessarily invertible, and therefore S is simply a set of transformations of X which is closed under composition of functions. If S includes the identity transformation of X, then it is called a transformation monoid. Obviously any transformation semigroup S determines a transformation monoid M by taking the union of S with the identity transformation. A transformation monoid whose elements are invertible is a permutation group.

The set of all transformations of X is a transformation monoid called the full transformation monoid (or semigroup) of X. It is also called the symmetric semigroup of X and is denoted by T_X. Thus a transformation semigroup (or monoid) is just a subsemigroup (or submonoid) of the full transformation monoid of X. The full transformation monoid is a regular semigroup.

If (X,S) is a transformation semigroup then X can be made into a semigroup action of S by evaluation:

$s\cdot x=s(x)\text{ for }s\in S,x\in X.$

This is a monoid action if S is a transformation monoid.

The characteristic feature of transformation semigroups, as actions, is that they are effective, i.e., if

$s\cdot x=t\cdot x\text{ for all }x\in X,$

then s = t. Conversely if a semigroup S acts on a set X by T(s,x) = s • x then we can define, for s ∈ S, a transformation T_s of X by

$T_s(x)=T(s,x).$

The map sending s to T_s is injective if and only if (X, T) is effective, in which case the image of this map is a transformation semigroup isomorphic to S.

Cayley representation

In group theory, Cayley's theorem asserts that any group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group of G (regarded as a set), so that G is a permutation group. This theorem generalizes straightforwardly to monoids: any monoid M is a transformation monoid of its underlying set, via the action given by left (or right) multiplication. This action is effective because if ax = bx for all x in M, then by taking x equal to the identity element, we have a = b.

For a semigroup S without a (left or right) identity element, we take X to be the underlying set of the monoid corresponding to S to realise S as a transformation semigroup of X. In particular any finite semigroup can be represented as a subsemigroup of transformations of a set X with |X| ≤ |S| + 1, and if S is a monoid, we have the sharper bound |X| ≤ |S|, as in the case of finite groups.

Transformation monoid of an automaton

Let M be a deterministic automaton with state space S and alphabet A. The words in the free monoid A^∗ induce transformations of S giving rise to a monoid morphism from A^∗ to the full transformation monoid T_S. The image of this morphism is the transformation semigroup of M.

For a regular language, the syntactic monoid is isomorphic to the transformation monoid of the minimal automaton of the language.

See also

• Krohn–Rhodes theory
• Symmetric inverse semigroup
• Biordered set
• Special classes of semigroups

References

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• 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
  
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• 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
  
  My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
• 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
  
  My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
• Mati Kilp, Ulrich Knauer, Alexander V. Mikhalev (2000), Monoids, Acts and Categories: with Applications to Wreath Products and Graphs, Expositions in Mathematics 29, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-11-015248-7.
• Template:Planetmath reference