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| {{For|other uses|DBZ (disambiguation){{!}}DBZ}}
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| {{lowercase|title=dBZ (meteorology)}}
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| {{Technical|date=July 2011}}
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| [[File:Sturmfront auf Doppler-Radar-Schirm.jpg|thumb|right|The scale of dBZ values can be seen along the bottom of the image.]] | |
| '''dBZ''' stands for ''[[decibels]] relative to Z''. It is a [[meteorology|meteorological]] measure of equivalent [[reflectivity]] (Z) of a [[radar]] signal reflected off a remote object.<ref>[http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/append/glossary_d.htm NWS JetStream - Weather Glossary: D's<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The reference level for Z is 1 mm<sup>6</sup> [[meter|m]]<sup>−3</sup>, which is equal to 1 [[μm]]<sup>3</sup>. It is related to the number of drops per unit volume and the sixth power of drop diameter. | |
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| Reflectivity of a [[cloud]] is dependent on the number and size of reflectors ([[hydrometeor]]s), which includes [[rain]], [[snow]], [[graupel]], and [[hail]]. A large number of small hydrometeors will reflect the same as one large hydrometeor. The signal returned to the [[radar]] will be equivalent in both situations, so a group of small hydrometeors is virtually indistinguishable from one large hydrometeor on the resulting radar image.
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| A [[meteorologist]] can determine the difference between one large hydrometeor and a group of small hydrometeors as well as the type of hydrometeor using the polarization and phase shifting of the Doppler Radar. The reflectivity image is just one type of image produced by the radar, using it alone a meteorologist could not tell the difference between nickle sized hail and heavy rain. In combination with other images gathered by the radar during the same scan (dual polarization products), they can distinguish between hail, rain, snow, biologicals (birds, bugs), and other atmospheric phenomena.
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| [[File:NOAA Doppler DBZ scale.jpg|thumb|NOAA dBZ scale for weather radar]]
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| One dBZ-scale of rain:
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| * >65 Extreme
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| * 46-65 heavy
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| * 24-45 moderate
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| * 8-23 light
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| * 0-8 Barely anything
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| dBZ values can be converted to rainfall rates in millimetres per hour using this formula:
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| *<math>\frac{\mathrm{mm}}{\mathrm{hr}} = \left ( \frac{10^{(dBZ/10)}}{200} \right )^{5 \over 8}</math><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desktopdoppler.com/help/nws-nexrad.htm#rainfall%20rates |title=NWS NEXRAD |accessdate=November 7, 2010}}</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! dBZ
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| ! R (mm/h)
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| ! Rate (in/hr)
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| ! Intensity
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| |-
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| | 5
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| | 0.07
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| | < 0.01
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| | Hardly Noticeable
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| |-
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| | 10
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| | 0.15
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| | < 0.01
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| | Light Mist
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| |-
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| | 15
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| | 0.3
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| | 0.01
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| | Mist
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| |-
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| | 20
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| | 0.6
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| | 0.02
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| | Very Light
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| |-
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| | 25
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| | 1.3
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| | 0.05
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| | Light
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| |-
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| | 30
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| | 2.7
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| | 0.1
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| | Light to Moderate
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| |-
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| | 35
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| | 5.6
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| | 0.22
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| | Moderate Rain
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| |-
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| | 40
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| | 11.53
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| | 0.45
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| | Moderate Rain
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| |-
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| | 45
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| | 23.7
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| | 0.92
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| | Moderate to Heavy
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| |-
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| | 50
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| | 48.6
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| | 1.90
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| | Heavy
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| |-
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| | 55
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| | 100
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| | 4
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| | Very Heavy / Small Hail
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| |-
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| | 60
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| | 205
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| | 8
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| | Extreme / Moderate Hail
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| |-
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| | 65
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| | 421
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| | 16.6
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| | Extreme / Large Hail
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| |}
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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| {{Decibel|state=uncollapsed}}
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| {{Meteorological equipment|state=uncollapsed}}
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| [[Category:Radar meteorology]]
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| [[Category:Units of measurement]]
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| {{Climate-stub}}
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