Counting single transferable votes: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
To make the tax system extra progressive, the Government is elevating property tax rates for top-finish residential properties in Singapore Budget 2013, with the biggest will increase making use of to investment properties that aren't occupied by their house owners.<br><br>By considering all of the above using an upside / downside evaluation, do you assume Singapore's property market presents more upside potential or downside risks? And what will your determination be as to whether you must put money into condominiums now? So, with the latest land gross sales in Hong Kong fetching prices which are beneath market expectations, may this be a potential sign that the Hong Kong property market is beginning to go downhill? But it have to be mentioned that I could always be unsuitable. On the subject of investing, we can not afford to be overly confident. We should be mindful of the opportunity of being mistaken. So even when property prices rise instead of fall, I might only make much less cash by not shopping for extra properties now, which is ok by me. Effective 12 Jan 2013.<br><br>Property consumers from China might not proceed their buying spree in Singapore. As it's, I'm beginning to listen to from some Chinese language business homeowners that there's increasing issue for them to acquire loans in China. And a few of them already know of buddies who're beginning to have [http://www.williamlucas.com/activity/p/34412/ www.williamlucas.com] cashflow issues in China. So if China enterprise house owners have cashflow problems, do you assume they will have the power or willingness to continue snapping up properties in Singapore in 2012 and 2013? In all probability not.<br><br>We really work lots with brokers to help them listing properties and guarantee they create good, correct listings," he mentioned. "But we do re-define the method of how a rental search must be finished." Its community across the Asia- Pacific region has additionally helped it to promote native initiatives to foreign buyers. "Mainland Chinese language patrons are coming back. We additionally not too long ago took the Corals (@ Keppel Bay) challenge to Kuala Lumpur and the Malaysians are shopping for." The good news is that real property traders are ready for both state of affairs, and there is revenue in being prepared. I am excited and looking out forward to the opportunities both or both of those conditions will provide; thanks Boomers! Well if you happen to don't, then you definately're simply leaving your real property business to probability.<br><br>Oneal Morris is accused of posing as a physician and filling a girls's buttocks with cement, mineral oil and flat-tire sealant. The lady wished to work at a nightclub and searched for somebody who may perform plastic surgery at a cheap price to offer her a curvier physique. Police say Oneal was was born a person but identifies as a lady. They are saying criminals typically return to the scene of the crime - maybe that is especially true for many who live on the identical block because the scene of the crime. Police say siblings Shakir Taylor, pictured, and Kadija Taylor robbed a bank on the identical Forestville, Md. block the place they reside. Posted by Edison Foo  November 17, 2013 Open for reserving NOW !!! Posted by Edison Foo  November 7, 2013 Open for reserving NOW !!!<br><br>The solicitor will lodge a caveat at the Singapore Land Registry to notify the public of the buyer's interest in the property, send out authorized requisitions to the relevant authorities departments with a view to be certain that the property will not be subject to any hostile notices, and liaise with the related financial institution or financial institution and the CPF (Central Provident Fund) Board to ensure that the mortgage and monies are launched on time. The solicitor can even put together the switch document and organize for execution of the mortgage and/or CPF documents. Choice to Buy<br><br>Almost every enterprise runs through contacts and networks. For an agent the requirement of his business is to be able to set up and keep these contacts to grasp which of the areas are at present thriving with properties to be offered or rented out. An agent would possibly be capable of break a deal with other agents as well to have the ability to close a sale. Narrowing down on the property that matches your budget will not be an easy task. Until the property secured is in a first-rate location, the quantity of appreciation is perhaps lesser.<br><br>The vetting process entails using a software algorithm to work out whether or not a listing is likely real or duplicated based on a number of knowledge points. After that, staff test each itemizing manually to make a ultimate call on credibility. The company will even work with listers to enhance their listings in the event that they're wrongly flagged as false. Mixed with a fashionable interface and simple search operate that's all in all slightly reminiscent of Airbnb , 99.co could resonate with the younger crowd who are more and more accustomed to cutting out the center man in their purchase selections. We're trying to get more new tasks for the agents to promote," mentioned Mr Jack Chua, chief government of ERA. In the meantime, his parents are ineligible, as they've a personal property.
In [[economics]], '''total-factor productivity''' ('''TFP'''), also called ''multi-factor productivity'', is a variable which accounts for effects in total [[output (economics)|output]] not caused by traditionally measured inputs of labor and capital. If all inputs are accounted for, then total factor productivity (TFP) can be taken as a measure of an economy’s long-term technological change or technological dynamism.
 
TFP cannot be measured directly. Instead it is a residual, often called the [[Solow residual]], which accounts for effects in total [[output (economics)|output]] not caused by inputs.
 
The equation below (in [[Cobb–Douglas]] form) represents total output (Y) as a function of total-factor productivity (A), capital input (K), labor input (L), and the two inputs' respective shares of output (α and β are the capital input share of contribution for K and L respectively). An increase in either A, K or L will lead to an increase in output. While capital and labor input are tangible, total-factor productivity appears to be more intangible as it can range from technology to knowledge of worker (human capital).
 
<math>Y = A \times K^\alpha \times L^\beta </math>
 
Technology Growth and Efficiency are regarded as two of the biggest sub-sections of Total Factor Productivity, the former possessing "special" inherent features such as positive externalities and non-rivalness which enhance its position as a driver of economic growth.
 
Total Factor Productivity is often seen as the real driver of growth within an economy and studies reveal that whilst labour and investment are important contributors, Total Factor Productivity may account for up to 60% of growth within economies<sup>Citation needed</sup>.
 
It has been shown that there is a historical correlation between TFP and energy conversion efficiency.<ref name="Ayres-War 2002">{{ Cite journal
| last1 = Ayres
| last2 = Ayres
| last3 =Warr
| first1 = R. U.
| first2 = L. W.
| first3 =B.
| author1-link =
| title = Exergy, Power and Work in the U. S. Economy 1900-1998, Insead’s Center For the Management of Environmental Resources, 2002/52/EPS/CMER
  | year = 2002
| url =http://terra2000.free.fr/downloads/expowork.pdf
| postscript = <!--None-->
}}</ref>
 
== Criticism ==
[[Growth accounting]] exercises and Total Factor Productivity are open to the [[capital controversy|Cambridge Critique]]. Therefore, some economists believe that the method and its results are invalid.
 
On the basis of [[dimensional analysis]], TFP is criticized as not having meaningful [[units of measurement]].<ref>{{Harv | Barnett | 2007 | loc=p. 96}}</ref> The units of the quantities in the Cobb–Douglas equation are:
* ''Y:'' [[widgets]]/year (wid/yr)
* ''L:'' man-hours/year (manhr/yr)
* ''K:'' capital-hours/year (caphr/yr; this raises issues of heterogeneous capital)
* ''α, β:'' pure numbers (non-dimensional), due to being exponents
* ''A:'' (widgets * year<sup>''α'' + ''β'' – 1</sup>)/(caphr<sup>''α''</sup> * manhr<sup>''β''</sup>), a balancing quantity, which is TFP.
The units of ''A'' do not admit a simple economic interpretation, and the concept of TFP is accordingly criticized as a modeling artifact.
 
== Estimation ==
As a residual, TFP is also dependent on estimates of the other components. A 2005 study<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.econ.wisc.edu/~aseshadr/working_pdf/humancapital.pdf|title=Human Capital and the Wealth of Nations| format=pdf| year=May 2006| accessdate=2 November 2006|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> on [[human capital]] attempted to correct for weaknesses in estimations of the labour component of the equation, by refining estimates of the quality of labour. Specifically, years of schooling is often taken as a proxy for the quality of labour (and stock of human capital), which does not account for differences in schooling between countries. Using these re-estimations, the contribution of TFP was substantially lower.
 
Robert Ayres and Benjamin Warr have found that the model can be improved by using the efficiency of energy conversion efficiency, which roughly tracks ''technological progress''.<ref name ="Ayres-Warr2004">{{ Cite journal
| last1 = Ayres
| last2 = Warr
| first1 = Robert U.
| first2 = Benjamin
| author1-link =
| title = Accounting for Growth: The Role of Physical Work
| year = 2004
| ref = harv
| url =http://www.iea.org/work/2004/eewp/Ayres-paper1.pdf
| postscript = <!--None-->
}}</ref><ref name ="Ayres-Warr2006">{{ Cite journal
| last1 = Ayres
| last2 = Warr
| first1 = Robert U.
| first2 = Benjamin
| author1-link =
| title = Economic growth, technological progress and energy use in the U.S. over the last century: Identifying common trends and structural change in macroeconomic time series, INSEAD
| year = 2006
| ref = harv
| url = http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers2/Warr.pdf
| postscript = <!--None-->
}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Solow residual]]
* [[Multifactor productivity]]
* [[Productivity model]]
 
==Further reading==
 
*{{cite book
|title=New Developments in Productivity Analysis: Chapter: Total Factor Productivity: A Short Biography; Sponsored by: National Bureau of Economic Research
|last1=Hulten
|first1=Charles R.
|last2=Dean
|first2= Edwin R.
|last3=Harper
|first3= Michael J.
|authorlink=
|coauthors=
|year= 2001|publisher =University of Chicago Press
|location=
|isbn=0-226-36062-8 |pages=1–54
|url=http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10122.pdf
|deadurl=no |accessdate=22 October 2013 | postscript = <Chapter by Charles Hulten>}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite journal
| title = Dimensions and Economics: Some Problems
| author = William Barnett II
| year = 2007
| volume = 7
| issue = 1
| journal = [[Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics]]
| url = http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/qjae7_1_10.pdf
| ref = harv
| postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}
}}
{{refend}}
 
[[Category:Production economics]]

Latest revision as of 14:34, 9 October 2014

To make the tax system extra progressive, the Government is elevating property tax rates for top-finish residential properties in Singapore Budget 2013, with the biggest will increase making use of to investment properties that aren't occupied by their house owners.

By considering all of the above using an upside / downside evaluation, do you assume Singapore's property market presents more upside potential or downside risks? And what will your determination be as to whether you must put money into condominiums now? So, with the latest land gross sales in Hong Kong fetching prices which are beneath market expectations, may this be a potential sign that the Hong Kong property market is beginning to go downhill? But it have to be mentioned that I could always be unsuitable. On the subject of investing, we can not afford to be overly confident. We should be mindful of the opportunity of being mistaken. So even when property prices rise instead of fall, I might only make much less cash by not shopping for extra properties now, which is ok by me. Effective 12 Jan 2013.

Property consumers from China might not proceed their buying spree in Singapore. As it's, I'm beginning to listen to from some Chinese language business homeowners that there's increasing issue for them to acquire loans in China. And a few of them already know of buddies who're beginning to have www.williamlucas.com cashflow issues in China. So if China enterprise house owners have cashflow problems, do you assume they will have the power or willingness to continue snapping up properties in Singapore in 2012 and 2013? In all probability not.

We really work lots with brokers to help them listing properties and guarantee they create good, correct listings," he mentioned. "But we do re-define the method of how a rental search must be finished." Its community across the Asia- Pacific region has additionally helped it to promote native initiatives to foreign buyers. "Mainland Chinese language patrons are coming back. We additionally not too long ago took the Corals (@ Keppel Bay) challenge to Kuala Lumpur and the Malaysians are shopping for." The good news is that real property traders are ready for both state of affairs, and there is revenue in being prepared. I am excited and looking out forward to the opportunities both or both of those conditions will provide; thanks Boomers! Well if you happen to don't, then you definately're simply leaving your real property business to probability.

Oneal Morris is accused of posing as a physician and filling a girls's buttocks with cement, mineral oil and flat-tire sealant. The lady wished to work at a nightclub and searched for somebody who may perform plastic surgery at a cheap price to offer her a curvier physique. Police say Oneal was was born a person but identifies as a lady. They are saying criminals typically return to the scene of the crime - maybe that is especially true for many who live on the identical block because the scene of the crime. Police say siblings Shakir Taylor, pictured, and Kadija Taylor robbed a bank on the identical Forestville, Md. block the place they reside. Posted by Edison Foo November 17, 2013 Open for reserving NOW !!! Posted by Edison Foo November 7, 2013 Open for reserving NOW !!!

The solicitor will lodge a caveat at the Singapore Land Registry to notify the public of the buyer's interest in the property, send out authorized requisitions to the relevant authorities departments with a view to be certain that the property will not be subject to any hostile notices, and liaise with the related financial institution or financial institution and the CPF (Central Provident Fund) Board to ensure that the mortgage and monies are launched on time. The solicitor can even put together the switch document and organize for execution of the mortgage and/or CPF documents. Choice to Buy

Almost every enterprise runs through contacts and networks. For an agent the requirement of his business is to be able to set up and keep these contacts to grasp which of the areas are at present thriving with properties to be offered or rented out. An agent would possibly be capable of break a deal with other agents as well to have the ability to close a sale. Narrowing down on the property that matches your budget will not be an easy task. Until the property secured is in a first-rate location, the quantity of appreciation is perhaps lesser.

The vetting process entails using a software algorithm to work out whether or not a listing is likely real or duplicated based on a number of knowledge points. After that, staff test each itemizing manually to make a ultimate call on credibility. The company will even work with listers to enhance their listings in the event that they're wrongly flagged as false. Mixed with a fashionable interface and simple search operate that's all in all slightly reminiscent of Airbnb , 99.co could resonate with the younger crowd who are more and more accustomed to cutting out the center man in their purchase selections. We're trying to get more new tasks for the agents to promote," mentioned Mr Jack Chua, chief government of ERA. In the meantime, his parents are ineligible, as they've a personal property.