Hat operator: Difference between revisions

From formulasearchengine
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
en>BiH
mNo edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
fee to watch your webinar at their convenience. Once it is in place, [http://www.comoganhardinheiro101.com/tag/opcoes-binarias/ como ganhar dinheiro pela internet] promotion and possibly [http://Comoganhardinheiro.comoganhardinheiro101.com/ answering questions] will be your only tasks. <br><br><br>Make money online by selling your talents. Good music is always in demand and with today's technological advances, anyone with musical talent can make music and offer it for sale [http://www.comoganhardinheiro101.com/?p=14 ganhando dinheiro na internet] to a broad audience. By setting up your own website and using social media for promotion, you can share your music with others and sell downloads with a free PayPal account.<br><br>It's easy to make money online.
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''p''-Xylene (data page)}}
This page provides supplementary chemical data on [[P-Xylene|''p''-xylene]]. <!-- replace with proper wikilink -->


  For more information regarding [http://comoficarrico.comoganhardinheiro101.com ganhar dinheiro] stop by http://comoficarrico.comoganhardinheiro101.com There is truth to the fact that you can start making money on the Internet as soon as you're done with this article. After all, so many others are making money online, why not you? Keep your mind open and you can make a lot of money. As you [http://www.comoganhardinheiro101.com/index.php como ganhar dinheiro] can see, there are many ways to approach the world of online income. With various streams of income available, you are sure to find one, or two, that can help you with your income needs. Take this information to heart, put it to use and build your own online success story.<br><br>Getting paid money to work online isn't the easiest thing to do in the world, but it is possible. If this  ganhando dinheiro na internet is something you wish to work with, then the tips presented above should have helped you. Take some time, do things the right way and then you can succeed. Start your online [http://www.comoganhardinheiro101.com/?p=66 como ganhar dinheiro] earning today by following the great advice discussed in this article. [http://comoficarrico.comoganhardinheiro101.com/ Earning money] is not as hard as it may seem, you just need to know how to get started. By choosing to put your right foot forward, you are heading off to a great start earning money to make ends meet.
== Material Safety Data Sheet == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
*[https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/95257.htm Fisher Scientific]
 
== Structure and properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | Structure and properties
|-
| [[Index of refraction]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| 1.4958 at 20°C
|-
<!--| [[Abbe number]]
|?  Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Dielectric constant]], ε<sub>r</sub>
| 2.2 ε<sub>0</sub> at 20°C
|-
<!-- | [[Bond strength]]
| ? Specify which bond.
|-
| [[Bond length]]
| ?  Specify which bond.
|-
| [[Bond angle]]
| ?  Specify which angle, e.g. Cl-P-O.
|-
| [[Magnetic susceptibility]]
| ?  -->
|-
| [[Surface tension]]<ref name="lange1661">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1661-1663</ref>
| 29.92 dyn/cm at 5°C<br>28.27 dyn/cm at 20°C<br>24.2 dyn/cm &nbsp; at 60°C
|-
| [[Viscosity]]<ref name="lange1669">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1669-1674</ref>
| 0.7385 mPa·s at 10°C<br>0.6475 mPa·s at 20°C<br>0.5134 mPa·s at 40°C<br>0.3519 mPa·s at 80°C<br>0.2424 mPa·s at 130°C
|-
| [[Solubility]]<ref>''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 85th ed. p8-111</ref>
| 0.160 g/L at 0°C<br> 0.181 g/L at 25°C<br> 0.22 g/L at 40°C<br>
|-
|}
 
== Thermodynamic properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | Phase behavior
|-
| [[Triple point]]
| 286.3 K (13.15 °C), ? Pa
|-
| [[Critical point (chemistry)|Critical point]]
| 617 K (344 °C), 3500 kPa
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of fusion|Std enthalpy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 17.1 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of fusion|Std entropy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 59.8 J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of vaporization|Std enthalpy change<br/>of vaporization]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 35.7 kJ/mol at 138°C
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of vaporization|Std entropy change<br/>of vaporization]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Solid properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Liquid properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| –24.4 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| 247 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Enthalpy of combustion]], Δ<sub>c</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| –4552 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 181.7 J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Gas properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| 1.796000E+04 kJ/kg-mol<ref name="cheric_p">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|title=Pure Component Properties|format=Queriable database |accessdate=26 May 2007 |publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center}}</ref> at 25°C
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 163.2 J/(mol K) at 120°C
|-
| [[van der Waals equation|van der Waals' constants]]<ref name="lange1522">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'' 10th ed, pp 1522-1524</ref>
| a = 3134 L<sup>2</sup> kPa/mol<sup>2</sup><br> b = 0.1809 liter per mole
|-
|}
 
==Vapor pressure of liquid==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''P in mm Hg''' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''T in °C''' || –8.1 || 27.3 || 54.4 || 75.9 || 115.9 || 138.3
|}
Table data obtained from ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' 44th ed.
 
[[Image:LogPXyleneVaporPressure.png|thumb|854px|left|'''log<sub>10</sub> of ''p''-Xylene vapor pressure.''' Uses formula: <math>\scriptstyle \log_e P_{mmHg} =</math><math>\scriptstyle \log_e (\frac {760} {101.325}) - 9.527348\log_e(T+273.15) - \frac {7637.951} {T+273.15} + 79.55720 + 5.748969 \times 10^{-6} (T+273.15)^2</math> obtained from CHERIC<ref name="cheric_p"/>]]{{Clear}}
 
==Distillation data==
{|
|- valign="top"
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3"| '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium<br>for ''p''-Xylene/[[O-Xylene|''o''-Xylene]]'''<ref name="cheric_b">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|title=Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|format=Queriable database|accessdate=26 May 2007}}</ref><br>''P'' = 26.66 kPa
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | BP<br>Temp.<br>°C
! colspan="2" | % by mole ''p''-xylene
|- {{chembox header}}
! liquid !! vapor
|-
| 100.1 || 0.0 || 0.0
|-
| 99.8 || 4.9 || 5.8
|-
| 99.5 || 9.9 || 11.8
|-
| 99.0 || 17.4 || 20.7
|-
| 98.5 || 25.1 || 29.3
|-
| 98.1 || 32.6 || 37.1
|-
| 97.6 || 40.6 || 44.9
|-
| 97.2 || 48.6 || 53.8
|-
| 96.7 || 56.9 || 61.8
|-
| 96.2 || 64.9 || 69.6
|-
| 95.8 || 73.1 || 77.3
|-
| 95.4 || 81.4 || 84.5
|-
| 94.9 || 90.7 || 91.6
|-
| 94.6 || 95.4 || 96.0
|-
| 94.4 || 100.0 || 100.0
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3"| '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium<br>for ''p''-Xylene/[[M-Xylene|''m''-Xylene]]'''<ref name="cheric_b"/><br>''P'' = 26.66 kPa
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | BP<br>Temp.<br>°C
! colspan="2" | % by mole ''p''-xylene
|- {{chembox header}}
! liquid !! vapor
|-
| 95.30 || 0.0 || 0.0
|-
| 95.20 || 8.3 || 8.5
|-
| 95.15 || 15.5 || 15.8
|-
| 95.05 || 24.3 || 24.9
|-
| 95.00 || 33.0 || 33.6
|-
| 94.90 || 40.9 || 41.7
|-
| 94.85 || 49.0 || 49.7
|-
| 94.75 || 57.1 || 57.9
|-
| 94.70 || 65.3 || 66.1
|-
| 94.60 || 73.8 || 74.3
|-
| 94.55 || 81.7 || 82.2
|-
| 94.50 || 89.5 || 89.9
|-
| 94.45 || 94.8 || 94.8
|-
| 94.40 || 100.0 || 100.0
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3"| '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium<br>for ''p''-Xylene/[[carbon tetrachloride]]'''<ref name="cheric_b"/><br>''P'' = 760&nbsp;mm Hg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | BP<br>Temp.<br>°C
! colspan="2" | % by mole carbon tetrachloride
|- {{chembox header}}
! liquid !! vapor
|-
| 136.4 || 1.7 || 5.9
|-
| 131.1 || 6.3 || 21.6
|-
| 126.2 || 11.1 || 34.9
|-
| 121.8 || 15.7 || 45.3
|-
| 117.6 || 20.3 || 53.9
|-
| 113.5 || 25.2 || 61.6
|-
| 109.8 || 30.1 || 67.9
|-
| 106.2 || 35.1 || 73.1
|-
| 102.7 || 40.5 || 77.9
|-
| 102.2 || 41.3 || 78.7
|-
| 98.1 || 48.5 || 83.6
|-
| 94.4 || 55.8 || 87.6
|-
| 91.1 || 62.9 || 90.8
|-
| 88.0 || 70.1 || 93.4
|-
| 85.2 || 77.2 || 95.4
|-
| 82.6 || 84.0 || 96.9
|-
| 80.0 || 91.1 || 98.4
|-
| 77.6 || 97.7 || 99.7
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{|
|-
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3"| '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium<br>for ''p''-Xylene/[[Butanone]]'''<ref name="cheric_b"/><br>''P'' = 760&nbsp;mm Hg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | BP<br>Temp.<br>°C
! colspan="2" | % by mole butanone
|- {{chembox header}}
! liquid !! vapor
|-
| 129.45 || 4.8 || 20.8
|-
| 125.42 || 7.9 || 31.7
|-
| 123.25 || 10.2 || 38.1
|-
| 116.80 || 16.1 || 51.1
|-
| 112.44 || 21.0 || 59.4
|-
| 105.55 || 30.5 || 71.0
|-
| 101.15 || 38.7 || 75.5
|-
| 95.30 || 50.6 || 85.2
|-
| 93.90 || 54.6 || 87.2
|-
| 89.45 || 67.0 || 91.7
|-
| 86.55 || 77.0 || 94.7
|-
| 85.02 || 81.5 || 95.9
|-
| 84.58 || 83.1 || 96.2
|-
| 80.65 || 97.0 || 994
|-
|}
|-
| &nbsp;
|-
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3"| '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium<br>for ''p''-Xylene/[[Aniline]]'''<ref name="cheric_b"/><br>''P'' = 745&nbsp;mm Hg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | BP<br>Temp.<br>°C
! colspan="2" | % by mole ''p''-xylene
|- {{chembox header}}
! liquid !! vapor
|-
| 171 || 7.5 || 37.0
|-
| 165 || 14.0 || 50.0
|-
| 156 || 26.5 || 67.5
|-
| 148 || 48.5 || 80.0
|-
| 142 || 72.5 || 89.0
|-
| 140 || 83.0 || 92.0
|-
|}
|}
|}
{{Clear}}
 
== Spectral data == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV-Vis]]
|-
| Spectrum
|
|-
| [[Lambda-max|λ<sub>max</sub>]]
| ? [[Nanometre|nm]]
|-
| [[molar absorptivity|Extinction coefficient]], ε
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[Infrared|IR]]
|-
| Spectrum
| [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C106423&Units=SI&Type=IR-SPEC&Index=0#IR-SPEC NIST]
|-
| Major absorption bands
| 793.94&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[NMR Spectroscopy|NMR]]
|-
| Spectrum
| [http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/IMG.cgi?fname=HPM00025&imgdir=hpmW AIST]
|-
| [[Proton NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| 2.296, 7.046
|-
| [[Carbon-13 NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| 134.66, 128.97, 20.90
|-
<!-- | Other NMR data Insert special data e.g. <sup>19</sup>F chem. shifts, omit if not used
| &nbsp;-->
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[Mass Spectrometry|MS]]
|-
| Spectrum
| [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C106423&Units=SI&Mask=200#Mass-Spec NIST]
|-
| Masses of <br>main fragments
| 106, 91, 77
|-
|}
 
==References==
;Notes
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
*[http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ NIST Standard Reference Database]
*[http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/ University of Akron, Chemistry Department, Chemical Database]
*[http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology]
 
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to [[standard ambient temperature and pressure]].
 
[[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Disclaimer]] applies.
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:P-Xylene (Data Page)}}
[[Category:Chemical data pages|Xylene]]

Latest revision as of 19:47, 4 April 2013

This page provides supplementary chemical data on p-xylene.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD 1.4958 at 20°C
Dielectric constant, εr 2.2 ε0 at 20°C
Surface tension[1] 29.92 dyn/cm at 5°C
28.27 dyn/cm at 20°C
24.2 dyn/cm   at 60°C
Viscosity[2] 0.7385 mPa·s at 10°C
0.6475 mPa·s at 20°C
0.5134 mPa·s at 40°C
0.3519 mPa·s at 80°C
0.2424 mPa·s at 130°C
Solubility[3] 0.160 g/L at 0°C
0.181 g/L at 25°C
0.22 g/L at 40°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point 286.3 K (13.15 °C), ? Pa
Critical point 617 K (344 °C), 3500 kPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 		17.1 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 		59.8 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo 		35.7 kJ/mol at 138°C
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 		? J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid 		? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp ? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid 		–24.4 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 		247 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHo –4552 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp 181.7 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas 		1.796000E+04 kJ/kg-mol[4] at 25°C
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp 163.2 J/(mol K) at 120°C
van der Waals' constants[5] a = 3134 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.1809 liter per mole

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760
T in °C –8.1 27.3 54.4 75.9 115.9 138.3

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.

log10 of p-Xylene vapor pressure. Uses formula: obtained from CHERIC[4]

50 year old Petroleum Engineer Kull from Dawson Creek, spends time with interests such as house brewing, property developers in singapore condo launch and camping. Discovers the beauty in planing a trip to places around the entire world, recently only coming back from .

Distillation data

Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for p-Xylene/o-Xylene[6]
P = 26.66 kPa
BP
Temp.
°C 		% by mole p-xylene
liquid vapor
100.1 0.0 0.0
99.8 4.9 5.8
99.5 9.9 11.8
99.0 17.4 20.7
98.5 25.1 29.3
98.1 32.6 37.1
97.6 40.6 44.9
97.2 48.6 53.8
96.7 56.9 61.8
96.2 64.9 69.6
95.8 73.1 77.3
95.4 81.4 84.5
94.9 90.7 91.6
94.6 95.4 96.0
94.4 100.0 100.0
   
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for p-Xylene/m-Xylene[6]
P = 26.66 kPa
BP
Temp.
°C 		% by mole p-xylene
liquid vapor
95.30 0.0 0.0
95.20 8.3 8.5
95.15 15.5 15.8
95.05 24.3 24.9
95.00 33.0 33.6
94.90 40.9 41.7
94.85 49.0 49.7
94.75 57.1 57.9
94.70 65.3 66.1
94.60 73.8 74.3
94.55 81.7 82.2
94.50 89.5 89.9
94.45 94.8 94.8
94.40 100.0 100.0
   
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for p-Xylene/carbon tetrachloride[6]
P = 760 mm Hg
BP
Temp.
°C 		% by mole carbon tetrachloride
liquid vapor
136.4 1.7 5.9
131.1 6.3 21.6
126.2 11.1 34.9
121.8 15.7 45.3
117.6 20.3 53.9
113.5 25.2 61.6
109.8 30.1 67.9
106.2 35.1 73.1
102.7 40.5 77.9
102.2 41.3 78.7
98.1 48.5 83.6
94.4 55.8 87.6
91.1 62.9 90.8
88.0 70.1 93.4
85.2 77.2 95.4
82.6 84.0 96.9
80.0 91.1 98.4
77.6 97.7 99.7
   
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for p-Xylene/Butanone[6]
P = 760 mm Hg
BP
Temp.
°C 		% by mole butanone
liquid vapor
129.45 4.8 20.8
125.42 7.9 31.7
123.25 10.2 38.1
116.80 16.1 51.1
112.44 21.0 59.4
105.55 30.5 71.0
101.15 38.7 75.5
95.30 50.6 85.2
93.90 54.6 87.2
89.45 67.0 91.7
86.55 77.0 94.7
85.02 81.5 95.9
84.58 83.1 96.2
80.65 97.0 994
 
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium
for p-Xylene/Aniline[6]
P = 745 mm Hg
BP
Temp.
°C 		% by mole p-xylene
liquid vapor
171 7.5 37.0
165 14.0 50.0
156 26.5 67.5
148 48.5 80.0
142 72.5 89.0
140 83.0 92.0

50 year old Petroleum Engineer Kull from Dawson Creek, spends time with interests such as house brewing, property developers in singapore condo launch and camping. Discovers the beauty in planing a trip to places around the entire world, recently only coming back from .

Spectral data

UV-Vis
Spectrum
λmax ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε ?
IR
Spectrum NIST
Major absorption bands 793.94 cm−1
NMR
Spectrum AIST
Proton NMR 2.296, 7.046
Carbon-13 NMR 134.66, 128.97, 20.90
MS
Spectrum NIST
Masses of
main fragments 		106, 91, 77

References

Notes

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

Bibliography

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Disclaimer applies. 30 year-old Entertainer or Range Artist Wesley from Drumheller, really loves vehicle, property developers properties for sale in singapore singapore and horse racing. Finds inspiration by traveling to Works of Antoni Gaudí.

  1. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1661-1663
  2. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1669-1674
  3. ↑ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th ed. p8-111
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Template:Cite web
  5. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Template:Cite web
Retrieved from "https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Hat_operator&oldid=16209"