Møller–Plesset perturbation theory: Difference between revisions
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In [[fluid dynamics]], the '''Graetz number''' ('''Gz''') is a [[dimensionless number]] that characterizes [[laminar flow]] in a conduit. The number is defined as:<ref>Nellis, G., and Klein, S. (2009) "Heat Transfer" (Cambridge), page 663.</ref> | |||
:<math>\mathrm{Gz} = {D_H \over L} \mathrm{Re}\, \mathrm{Pr}</math> | |||
where | |||
: ''D<sub>H</sub>'' is the diameter in round tubes or [[hydraulic diameter]] in arbitrary cross-section ducts | |||
: ''L'' is the length | |||
: Re is the [[Reynolds number]] and | |||
: Pr is the [[Prandtl number]]. | |||
This number is useful in determining the thermally developing flow entrance length in ducts. A Graetz number of approximately 1000 or less is the point at which flow would be considered thermally fully developed.<ref>Shah, R. K., and Sekulic, D. P. (2003) "Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design" (John Wiley and Sons), page 503.</ref> | |||
When used in connection with mass transfer the Prandtl number is replaced by the [[Schmidt number]], Sc, which expresses the ratio of the momentum diffusivity to the mass diffusivity. | |||
:<math>\mathrm{Gz} = {D_H \over L} \mathrm{Re}\, \mathrm{Sc}</math> | |||
The quantity is named after the physicist [[Leo Graetz]]. | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
{{NonDimFluMech}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Graetz Number}} | |||
[[Category:Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics]] | |||
[[Category:Fluid dynamics]] | |||
Revision as of 10:02, 23 August 2013
In fluid dynamics, the Graetz number (Gz) is a dimensionless number that characterizes laminar flow in a conduit. The number is defined as:[1]
where
- DH is the diameter in round tubes or hydraulic diameter in arbitrary cross-section ducts
- L is the length
- Re is the Reynolds number and
- Pr is the Prandtl number.
This number is useful in determining the thermally developing flow entrance length in ducts. A Graetz number of approximately 1000 or less is the point at which flow would be considered thermally fully developed.[2]
When used in connection with mass transfer the Prandtl number is replaced by the Schmidt number, Sc, which expresses the ratio of the momentum diffusivity to the mass diffusivity.
The quantity is named after the physicist Leo Graetz.