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In [[mathematical morphology]], a  '''structuring element''' (s.e.) is a shape, used to probe or interact with a given image, with the purpose of drawing conclusions on how this shape fits or misses the shapes in the image. It is typically used in morphological operations, such as [[dilation (morphology)|dilation]], [[erosion (morphology)|erosion]], [[opening (morphology)|opening]], and [[closing (morphology)|closing]], as well as the [[hit-or-miss transform]].
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According to [[Georges Matheron]], knowledge about an object (e.g., an image) depends on the manner in which we probe (observe) it.<ref>See ([[#dougherty92|Dougherty 1992]]), chapter 1, page 1.</ref> In particular, the choice of a certain s.e. for a particular morphological operation influences the information one can obtain. There are two main characteristics that are directly related to s.e.s:
* '''Shape'''. For example, the s.e. can be a "ball" or a line; convex or a ring, etc. By choosing a particular s.e., one sets a way of differentiating some objects (or parts of objects) from others, according to their shape or spatial orientation.
* '''Size'''. For example, one s.e. can be a <math>3\times 3</math> square or a <math>21\times 21</math> square. Setting the size of the structuring element is similar to setting the observation scale, and setting the criterion to differentiate image objects or features according to size.
 
==Mathematical particulars and examples==
Structuring elements are particular cases of binary images, usually being small and simple. In mathematical morphology, [[binary image]]s are [[subset]]s of an [[Euclidean space]] ''R''<sup>''d''</sup> or the integer grid ''Z''<sup>''d''</sup>, for some dimension ''d''. Here are some examples of widely used structuring elements (denoted by ''B''):
 
* Let ''E''=''R''<sup>2</sup>; ''B'' is an open disk of radius ''r'', centered at the origin.
* Let ''E''=''Z''<sup>2</sup>; ''B'' is a 3x3 square, that is, ''B''={(-1,-1),(-1,0),(-1,1),(0,-1),(0,0),(0,1),(1,-1),(1,0),(1,1)}.
* Let ''E''=''Z''<sup>2</sup>; ''B'' is the "cross" given by: ''B''={(-1,0),(0,-1),(0,0),(0,1),(1,0)}.
 
In the discrete case, a structuring element can also be represented as a set of [[pixel]]s on a [[Grid (spatial index)|grid]], assuming the values 1 (if the pixel belongs to the structuring element) or 0 (otherwise).
 
When used by a hit-or-miss transform, usually the structuring element is a composite of two disjoint sets (two simple structuring elements), one associated to the foreground, and one associated to the background of the image to be probed. In this case, an alternative representation of the composite structuring element is as a set of [[pixel]]s which are either set (1, associated to the foreground), not set (0, associated to the background) or "[[don't care]]".
 
== Notes ==
 
{{reflist}}
 
==References==
 
* <cite id=dougherty92>Edward R. Dougherty, ''An Introduction to Morphological Image Processing'', ISBN 0-8194-0845-X (1992)</cite>
* Jean Serra, ''Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology, Volume 1'', ISBN 0-12-637241-1 (1982)
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Structuring Element}}
[[Category:Mathematical morphology]]

Revision as of 18:04, 4 February 2014

Let's look an actual registry scan plus certain of what you will see when you do 1 on a computer. This test was completed on a computer which was not working as it must, running at slow speed plus having some issues with freezing up.

Your PC registry starts to receive errors and fragmented the more we employ the computer considering you enter more data every time, plus create changes inside the systems plus setup. When the registry begins to get overloaded and full of mistakes, your computer may eventually crash. It is possible to fix it on the own nevertheless extremely dangerous, incredibly should you have no extensive experience in doing this. Therefore, do NOT even attempt to do this oneself.

Perfect Optimizer equally has to remove junk files plus is totally Windows Vista compatible. Most registry product merely don't have the time plus funds to analysis Windows Vista mistakes. Because perfect optimizer has a big customer base, they do have the time, money and reasons to help fully help Windows Vista.

If that does not function you need to try and repair the problem with a 'registry cleaner'. What happens on numerous computers is that their registry database becomes damaged plus unable to show a computer where the DLL files that it demands are. Every Windows PC has a central 'registry' database which stores info about all DLL files on the computer.

There are actually many tuneup utilities software pieces in the web and truly the only thing which you should do is to download them. Unfortunately, we cannot anticipate that all of these are as efficient as they claim to be. And due to this, it is very essential for we to check if a vendor is absolutely reliable and credible.

The software finds these problems and takes care of them inside the shortest time possible. The hard drive may equally cause difficulties sometimes, incredibly in the event you have 1 which is virtually maxed. When a commence a machine, the are numerous booting processes concerned plus having an almost full storage refuses to help a bit. You will usually have a slow PC because there are a lot of details inside the difficult disk being processed at the same time. The best method to resolve this issue is to upgrade. This allows a PC certain time to breathing plus working faster instantaneously.

The disk needs area in order to run smoothly. By freeing up several area from the disk, you are capable to accelerate a PC a bit. Delete all file inside the temporary web files folder, recycle bin, clear shortcuts and icons from the desktop that you never use and remove programs we never use.

There are numerous companies that provide the service of troubleshooting your PC each time we call them, all you must do is signal up with them and for a tiny fee, we could have a machine always working well and serve we better.

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