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| In [[physics]], the '''Rabi cycle''' is the cyclic behaviour of a [[two-state quantum system]] in the presence of an oscillatory driving field. A two-state system has two possible states, and if they are not [[degenerate energy level]]s the system can become "excited" when it absorbs a [[quantum]] of energy.
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| The effect is important in [[quantum optics]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] and [[quantum computing]]. The term is named in honor of [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]]. | |
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| When an [[atom]] (or some other [[two-level system]]) is illuminated by a coherent beam of [[photon]]s, it will cyclically [[Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorb]] photons and re-emit them by [[stimulated emission]]. One such cycle is called a Rabi cycle and the inverse of its duration the [[Rabi frequency]] of the photon beam.
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| This mechanism is fundamental to quantum optics. It can be modeled using the [[Jaynes-Cummings model]] and the [[Bloch vector]] formalism.
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| For example, for a two-state atom (an atom in which an electron can either be in the excited or ground state) in an electromagnetic field with frequency tuned to the excitation energy, the probability of finding the atom in the excited state is found from the Bloch equations to be:
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| :<math> |c_b(t)|^2 \propto \sin^2 (\omega t/2) </math> | |
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| where <math> \omega </math> is the Rabi frequency.
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| More generally, one can consider a system where the two levels under consideration are not energy eigenstates. Therefore if the system is initialized in one of these levels, time evolution will make the population of each of the levels oscillate with some characteristic frequency, whose [[angular frequency]]<ref>[http://www.rp-photonics.com/rabi_oscillations.html Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - Rabi oscillations, Rabi frequency, stimulated emission<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> is also known as the '''[[Rabi frequency]]'''.
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| ==See also== | |
| *[[Atomic coherence]]
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| *[[Bloch sphere]]
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| *[[Laser pumping]]
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| *[[Optical pumping]]
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| *[[Rabi frequency]]
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| *[[Rabi problem]]
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| *[[Vacuum Rabi oscillation]]
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| ==Notes==
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| <references />
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| ==External links== | |
| * http://www.itp.tu-berlin.de/menue/lehre/owl/quantenmechanik/zweiniveau/parameter/en/
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| A Java applet that visualizes Rabi Cycles of two-state systems (laser driven).
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| * http://www.itp.tu-berlin.de/menue/lehre/owl/quantenmechanik/elektron-phonon-wechselwirkung/parameter/en/
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| extended version of the applet. Includes electron phonon interaction.
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| [[Category:Quantum optics]]
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| [[Category:Atomic physics]]
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