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In [[telecommunications]], '''field strength meter''' is a measuring device which measures the [[electric field]] caused by a [[transmitter]].  
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==The relation between the electric field and the transmitted power==
 
In ideal free space, the [[field strength in free space|electric field strength]] produced by a [[transmitter]] with [[isotropic radiator]] is readily calculated.<ref> ''Reference Data for Radio Engineers'', Howard W.Sams Co.Inc.,ISBN 0-672-21218-8, p 27-7</ref>
 
:<math> \mbox{E} = \frac{ \sqrt{30 \cdot P}}{d}</math>  
 
where
:'''E''' is the electric field strength in volts per meter
:'''P''' is the [[transmitter power output]] in watts
:'''d''' is the distance from the radiator in meters
It is clear that [[field strength]] is inversely proportional to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. However, this relation is impractical for calculating the field strength produced by terrestrial transmitters, where reflections and [[attenuation]] caused by objects around the transmitter or receiver may affect the electrical field strength considerably.
 
==Field strength meter==
Field strength meter is actually a simple receiver. After a [[Tuner (electronics)|tuner]] circuit, the signal is detected and fed to a [[microammeter]], which is scaled in '''dBų'''. The frequency range of the tuner is usually within the terrestrial broadcasting bands. Some FS meters can also receive satellite ([[TVRO]] and RRO) frequencies. Most modern FS meters have [[audio frequency|AF]] and [[Composite video|VF]] circuits and can be used as standard receivers. Some FS meters are also equipped with printers to record received field strength.
 
==Antennas==
When measuring with a field strength meter it is important to use a calibrated antenna such as the standard antenna supplied with the meter. For precision measurements the antenna must be at a standard height.  A value of standard height frequently employed for VHF and UHF measurements is {{convert|10|m}}.  Gain correction tables may be provided with the meter, that take into account the change of [[antenna gain]] with [[radio frequency|frequency]].
 
==Minimum field strength criteria==
The [[Comité consultatif international pour la radio|CCIR]] defines the minimum field strength for satisfactory reception. These are shown in the table below.<ref>K.H.Kaltbeitzer: ''Technical Monograph 3104'', EBU Technical Centre, 1965, p.24</ref> (Band II is reserved for FM radio broadcasting and the other bands are reserved for [[TV transmitter|TV broadcasting]].)
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Frequency band
!Minimum field strength in dBµV/m
!Notes
|-
|Band I || 48||
|-
|Band III ||55||
|-
|Band IV ||65||
|-
|Band V ||70||
|-
|Band II ||48||Rural area
|-
|Band II ||60||Urban area
|-
|Band II ||70||Large towns
|}
{{Analogue TV transmitter topics}}
 
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Measuring instruments]]
[[Category:Broadcast engineering]]

Latest revision as of 01:16, 29 October 2014

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