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| {{about|the modern Brazilian currency unit|the first official currency of Brazil from 1690 to 1942|Brazilian real (old)}}
| | In [http://tinyurl.com/kecvhhb http://tinyurl.com/kecvhhb] the course of hard times of fiscal downturn it is a great idea to exchange your cash into gold and silver coins for example precious metal, gold or platinum eagle.<br>It really relies on which ones is regarded as the steady in the marketplace. Value of the precious metal will never drop and you can make sure that anytime value of a specific foreign currency is in totally free fall - you'll support the same return whenever you trade the cash back.<br>For example you buy a number of gold with regard to 100 US dollars and the next day value of the $ falls two times after that time on that day you�ll be capable of sell that gold for 200 $. [http://Www.Encyclopedia.com/searchresults.aspx?q=Keeping Keeping] your money in yellow metal equivalents just like coins worth money is recommended to save for a prospective financial meltdown. Several wise individuals from around the globe traded all [http://tinyurl.com/kecvhhb discount ugg boots] their cash in precious metals your day that the economic crisis was announced in 08.<br><br> |
| {{Redirect|BRL|other uses|BRL (disambiguation)}}
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| {{Redirect|R$|the currency used in [[Rhodesia]] between 1970 and 1980|Rhodesian dollar}}
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| {{Missing information|older notes|date=April 2012}}
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| {{Infobox Currency
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| | currency_name_in_local = real brasileiro <small>{{pt icon}}</small>
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| | image_1 = New 100 reais.png
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| | image_title_1 = ''100 reais banknote of the latest series,<br>announced February 2010. Issued on December 13, 2010.<ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/6902f7c53e05a0e374606417fc992638-1371.php Brazil new 50- and 100-real notes confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2011-10-20.</ref><ref name="newbanknote">{{cite news |title=BC lança nova família de notas do real em tamanhos diferentes |first=Lorenna |last=Rodrigues |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u688662.shtml |newspaper=[[Folha de S. Paulo]] |date=February 3, 2010 |accessdate=2010-02-03 |language=Portuguese |trans_title=Central Bank to launch new banknote series}}</ref>''
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| | image_2 =
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| | image_title_2 =
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| | iso_code = BRL
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| | using_countries = {{flag|Brazil}}
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| | inflation_rate = 5.84%, 2012
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| | inflation_source_date = [http://www.bcb.gov.br/Pec/metas/TabelaMetaseResultados.pdf Central Bank of Brazil]
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| | inflation_method = [[Consumer price index|CPI]]
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| | subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100
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| | subunit_name_1 = [[centavo]]
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| | symbol = R[[Cifrão|$]]
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| | plural = Reais
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| | frequently_used_coins = 5, 10, 25, 50 centavos, R$1
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| | rarely_used_coins = 1 centavo <small>(discontinued in 2006)</small>
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| | frequently_used_banknotes = R$2, R$5, R$10, R$20, R$50, R$100
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| | rarely_used_banknotes = R$1 <small>(discontinued in 2006)</small>
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| | issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Brazil]]
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| | issuing_authority_website = http://www.bcb.gov.br
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| | printer = [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil]]
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| | printer_website = http://www.casadamoeda.gov.br
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| | mint = [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil]]
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| | mint_website = http://www.casadamoeda.gov.br
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| }}
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| The '''real''' ({{IPAc-en|r|eɪ|ˈ|ɑː|l}}; [[Brazilian Portuguese language|Brazilian Portuguese]]: {{IPA-pt|ʁeˈaw|}}; [[plural|pl.]] '''reais''') is the present-day [[currency]] of [[Brazil]]. Its [[currency sign|sign]] is '''R$''' and its [[ISO 4217|ISO code]] is '''BRL'''. It is subdivided into 100 '''''centavos''''' ("hundredths").
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| The modern real was introduced in 1994 as part of the [[Plano Real]], a substantial [[monetary reform]] package that aimed to put an end to three decades of rampant [[inflation]]. At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1:1 [[exchange rate]] with the [[United States dollar]]. It suffered a sudden [[devaluation]] to a rate of about 2:1 in 1999, reached almost 4:1 in 2002, then partly recovered and has been approximately 2:1 since 2006.
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| The exchange rate as of December 31, 2013 is BRL 2.36 to [[United States dollar|USD]] 1.00.
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| In [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] the word ''real'' means both "royal" and "real". The name of the historic real derived from the first sense. The name of the modern currency is generally understood to refer both to the historic unit and to the second sense.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
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| The dollar-like sign ([[cifrão]]) in the currency's symbol (both historic and modern), and in all the other past Brazilian currencies, is officially written with two vertical strokes (<math>\mathrm{S}\!\!\!\Vert</math>) rather than one.<ref>{{cite web|title=Origem do Cifrão|url=http://www.casadamoeda.gov.br/portalCMB/menu/cmb/sobreCMB/origem-cifrao.jsp|publisher=Casa de Moeda do Brasil}}</ref> However [[Unicode]] considers the difference to be only a matter of [[font]] design, and does not have a separate code for the two-stroked version.<ref>{{cite web|title=C0 Controls and Basic Latin Range: 0000–007F|url=http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf|work=The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2|publisher=The Unicode Consortium|accessdate=19 September 2013}}''Unicode 0024 DOLLAR SIGN= milréis, escudo,used for many peso currencies in Latin America and elsewhere,glyph may have one or two vertical bars''</ref>
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| ==History==
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| {{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
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| The modern real (plural ''reais'') was introduced on July 1, 1994, during the presidency of [[Itamar Franco]], when [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] was the Minister of Finance, as part of a broader plan to stabilize the Brazilian [[Economics|economy]], known as the [[Plano Real]]. The new currency replaced the short-lived [[Brazilian cruzeiro real|cruzeiro real]] (CR$). The reform included the [[legal tender#demonetization|demonetization]] of the cruzeiro real and required a massive banknote replacement.
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| At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 ''[[unidade real de valor]]'' (URV, "real value unit") a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2750 cruzeiros reais, which was the average exchange rate of the [[U.S. dollar]] to the cruzeiro real on that day. As a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U.S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the country's history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 x 10<sup>18</sup> (2.75 [[quintillion]]s) of Brazil's original "réis".
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| Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U.S. dollar, due to large capital inflows in late 1994 and 1995. During that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$1.20. Between 1996 and 1998 the exchange rate was tightly controlled by the Central Bank, so that the real depreciated slowly and smoothly in relation to the dollar, dropping from near 1:1 to about 1.2:1 by the end of 1998. In January 1999 the deterioration of the international markets, disrupted by the [[Russian default]], forced the Central Bank, under its new president [[Arminio Fraga]], to float the exchange rate. This decision produced a major devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2 : US$1.<ref>[[BNDES]]: [http://www.bndes.gov.br/SiteBNDES/export/sites/default/bndes_en/Galerias/Download/studies/td91-ing.pdf BRAZIL IN THE 1990: A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION?] page 10.</ref>
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| In the following years, the currency's value against the dollar followed an erratic but mostly downwards path from 1999 until late 2002, when the prospect of the election of leftist candidate [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], considered a radical populist by sectors of the financial markets, prompted another currency crisis and a spike in inflation. Many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies. In October 2002 the exchange rate reached its historic low of almost R$4 per US$1. The crisis subsided once Lula took office, after he, his finance minister [[Antonio Palocci]], and Arminio Fraga reaffirmed their intention to continue the orthodox macroeconomic policies of his predecessor (including inflation-targeting, primary fiscal surplus and [[floating exchange rate]], as well as continued payments of the public debt). The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2 : US$1. In May 2007, for the first time since 1999, the real became worth more than US$ 0.50 — even though the Central Bank, concerned about its effect on the Brazilian economy, had tried to keep it below that symbolic threshold. But failing this the real continues to lose value, making it an undesirable currency.
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| === Historical exchange rate ([[BRL]]:[[USD]]) ===
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| * 15 Feb 1995: 1.00
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| * 25 Jan 2002: 2.38
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| * 12 Apr 2002: 2.27
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| * 27 Jun 2002: 2.83
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| * 30 Sep 2002: 3.87
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| * 12 Oct 2002: 3.93
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| * 27 Dec 2002: 3.53
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| * 18 Feb 2003: 3.61
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| * 28 Jun 2003: 2.87
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| * 30 Sep 2003: 2.93
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| * 28 Dec 2003: 2.93
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| * 31 Mar 2004: 2.91
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| * 23 May 2004: 3.18
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| * 28 Jun 2004: 3.10
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| * 30 Sep 2004: 2.85
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| * 28 Dec 2004: 2.69
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| * 19 Feb 2005: 2.56
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| * 26 Mar 2005: 2.73
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| * 28 Jun 2005: 2.38
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| * 25 Sep 2005: 2.26
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| * 11 Nov 2005: 2.17
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| * 28 Dec 2005: 2.36
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| * 27 Mar 2006: 2.15
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| * 7 May 2006: 2.05
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| * 29 Dec 2006: 2.13
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| * 7 Nov 2007: 1.73
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| * 4 Aug 2008: 1.56
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| * 22 Jul 2011: 1.55
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| * 18 Mar 2012: 1.79
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| * 19 Aug 2012: 2.01
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| * 31 Mar 2013: 2.01
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| * 13 Jul 2013: 2.26
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| * 01 Nov 2013: 2.23
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| * 23 Jan 2014: 2.40
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| ==== Users ====
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| Brazil, and sometimes used in bordering countries, especially Brazil-Uruguay and Brazil-Paraguay borders in which every year millions of Brazilians go shopping at the duty free stores etc.
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| ===Coins===
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| ====First series (1994-1997)====
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| Along with the first series of currency, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1 real; the 25 centavos piece soon followed. All were struck in [[stainless steel]]. The original 1-real coins dated 1994-1997 have been [[Legal tender#Withdrawal from circulation|withdrawn from circulation]] since December 31, 1997; all other coins remain [[legal tender]].
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| ====Second series (1998-)====
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| In 1998, a second series of coins was introduced. It featured copper-plated steel coins of 1 and 5 centavos, [[brass]]-plated steel coins of 10 and 25 centavos, a [[cupronickel]] 50 centavos coin, and a bi-coloured brass and cupronickel coin of 1 real. However, from 2002 onwards, steel was used for the 50 centavos coin and the central part of the 1 real coin.
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| In November 2005, the Central Bank discontinued the production of 1 centavo coins, but the existing ones continue to be legal tender. Retailers now generally round their prices to the next 5 or 10 centavos.
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| {| border="1" class="wikitable"
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| !colspan="2"|Second series
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| |-----
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| ! align="Center" | Value
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| ! align="Center" | Design
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 1 centavo
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| | ''Obverse'': The [[Southern Cross]] in right upper side.<br />''Reverse'': Depicts [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]], Portuguese sea captain and Brazil's discoverer. 16th-century Portuguese ship in the background.
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 5 centavos
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| | ''Obverse'': The [[Southern Cross]] in right upper side.<br />''Reverse'': Depicts [[Joaquim José da Silva Xavier]] (also known as [[Tiradentes]]), [[martyr]] of early independence movement known as [[Inconfidência Mineira]]. In the background, a [[triangle]], symbol of the movement, and a dove, symbol of peace and freedom.
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 10 centavos
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| | ''Obverse'': The [[Southern Cross]] in right upper side.<br />''Reverse'': Depicts [[Pedro I of Brazil|Emperor Pedro I]], Brazil's first monarch. In the background, the Emperor on a horse: a scene alluding to the proclamation of independence.
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 25 centavos
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| | ''Obverse'': The [[Southern Cross]] in right upper side.<br />''Reverse'': Depicts [[Field Marshal]] [[Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca]], Brazil's first Republican president. The Republic's [[coat of arms]] is in the background.
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 50 centavos
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| | ''Obverse'': The [[Southern Cross]] in right upper side.<br />''Reverse'': Depicts [[Barão do Rio Branco|José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior]] (also known as Baron of Rio Branco), the country's most distinguished Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the background, image of the country with ripples expanding outwards, representing the development of Brazil's foreign policy and the expansion and demarcation of the national borders.
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 1 real
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| | ''Obverse'': The [[Southern Cross]] in right upper side.<br />''Reverse'': Outer ring depicts sample of [[marajo]]ara art pattern. In the inner ring, the [[Efígie da República]], symbol of the Republic.
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| |}
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| ====Commemorative coins====
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| The Brazilian Central Bank has also issued special commemorative versions of the 1 real coin on special occasions. These coins are legal tender and differ from the standard ones only on the reverse side.
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| {| border="1" class="wikitable"
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| |-----
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| ! align="Center" | Value
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| ! align="Center" | Details
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 1 real
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| | '''Release date:''' December 10, 1998<br />'''Occasion:''' The 50th anniversary of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]<br />'''Units produced:''' 600 thousand<br />'''Reverse:''' The official [[logo]] of the commemorations; in [[bas-relief]], a [[human]] figure. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" and "50th anniversary"
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 1 real
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| | '''Release date:''' September 12, 2002<br />'''Occasion:''' The 100th birth anniversary of Brazilian ex-president [[Juscelino Kubitschek]]<br />'''Units produced:''' 50 million<br />'''Reverse:''' A face portrait of Kubitschek. Vertically, the inscription "Juscelino Kubitschek's Centenary". In the outer ring, images alluding to the columns of the Alvorada Palace, the Presidential residence in [[Brasília]], the city that he decided would be built.
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 1 real
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| | '''Release date:''' September 23, 2005<br />'''Occasion:''' The 40th anniversary of the foundation of the [[Brazilian Central Bank]]<br />'''Units produced:''' 40 million<br />'''Reverse:''' Image of the [[trademark]] Central Bank building, inspired in the official logo developed for the commemorations. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Brazilian Central Bank" and "1965 40 YEARS 2005"
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| |-----
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| | align="Center" | 1 real
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| | '''Release date:''' August 11, 2012<br />'''Occasion:''' The Olympic Flag Handover for the Rio [[2016 Summer Olympics]]<br />'''Units produced:''' 2 million<br />'''Reverse:''' The [[Olympic Flag]] in a pole above the official logo of the Games of the XXXI Olympiad. In the outer ring, the inscriptions "Olympic Flag Handover" and "[[London 2012]] * [[Rio 2016]]"<ref>http://keirradnedge.com/2012/08/12/banco-central-do-brasil-issues-official-commemorative-coins-of-the-olympic-flag-handover/</ref>
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| |-----
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| |}
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| ===Banknotes===
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| ====Original series====
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| In 1994, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 reais. These were followed by 2 reais in 2000 and 20 reais in 2001. On December 31, 2005, BCB discontinued the production of the 1 real banknote, but it remains [[legal tender]].
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| {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
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| !colspan="4"|Real Series [http://www.bc.gov.br/?CEDCOMUM]
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"| Value !!rowspan="2"| Dimensions !!colspan="2"| Description
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| |-
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| ! Obverse !! Reverse
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| |-
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| | 1 real
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| |rowspan="7"| 140 × 65 mm
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| |rowspan="7"| The [[Efígie da República|Republic's Effigy]],<br> portrayed as a [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]]
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| | [[Sapphire-spangled Emerald|Sapphire-spangled Emerald Hummingbird]] (''Amazilia lactea'')
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| |-
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| | 2 reais
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| | [[Hawksbill turtle]] (''Eretmochelys imbricata'')
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| |-
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| | 5 reais
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| | [[Great Egret]] (''Casmerodius albus'')
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| |-
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| | 10 reais
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| | [[Green-winged Macaw]] (''Ara chlorepterus'')
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| |-
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| | 20 reais
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| | [[Golden lion tamarin]] (''Mico-Leão dourado'', ''Leontopithecus rosalia'')
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| |-
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| | 50 reais
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| | [[Jaguar]] (''Onça pintada'')
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| |-
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| | 100 reais
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| | [[Grouper]] (''Garoupa'')
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| |-
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| |}
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| ====Polymer 10 real note====
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| In April 2000, in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival on Brazilian shores, the Brazilian Central Bank released a [[polymer banknote|polymer]] 10 real banknote that circulates along with the other banknotes above. The [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil|Brazilian Mint]] printed 250 million of these notes, which at the time accounted for about half of the 10 real banknotes in circulation.
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| This note contains a more complex design, as follows:
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| Obverse:
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| * Image of [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]], the Portuguese sea captain;
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| * A representation of the map "Terra Brasilis", one of the earliest drawings of the land;
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| * A passage from [[Pero Vaz de Caminha]]'s [[Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha|letter]] to King [[Manuel I of Portugal]], the first known description of Brazil;
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| * A 16th-century Portuguese [[Compass rose|Rose of Winds]];
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| * To the right of the map, five ships from Cabral's expedition appear;
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| * In the background, decorative elements from Portuguese tiles can be seen;
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| * The white area around the red dot is actually transparent (the red dot is [[translucent]]);
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| * Finally, also in the background, the Cross from the [[Order of Christ (Brazil)|Order of Christ]], which was present in all Portuguese ships of the time, appears.
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| Reverse:
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| A stylized map of Brazil with photographs depicting the ethnic variety of the Brazilian people (white, black, and amerindian).
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| ==== New series ====
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| [[Image:newreal.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Banknotes in the new series]]
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| On February 3, 2010, the [[Central Bank of Brazil]] announced a new series of the real banknotes which would begin to be released in April 2010. The new design added security enhancements in an attempt to reduce [[Counterfeit money|counterfeiting]]. The notes have different sizes according to their values to help [[blindness|vision-impaired]] people. The changes were made reflecting the growth of the [[Economy of Brazil|Brazilian economy]] and the need for a stronger and safer currency. The new banknotes began to enter circulation in December 2010, coexisting with the older ones.<ref>{{cite news|title=Novas cédulas do real devem chegar a todas as capitais em até 48 horas|first=Eduardo|last=Cucolo|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/845032-novas-cedulas-do-real-devem-chegar-a-todas-as-capitais-em-ate-48-horas.shtml|newspaper=[[Folha de S. Paulo]]|date=December 13, 2010|accessdate=2010-12-14|language=Portuguese|trans_title=New Real banknotes should arrive within 48 hours in all capitals}}</ref><ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/05aae029aadcba674450f002024e9351-2196.php Brazil introduces new 10- and 20-real banknotes on 23 July 2012] BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.</ref>
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| {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
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| !colspan="7"| 2010, 2011, and 2012 Series
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"| Image !!rowspan="2"| Value !!rowspan="2"| Dimensions !!rowspan="2"| Main Color !!colspan="2"| Description !!rowspan="2"| Date of issue !!rowspan="2"| Date of first issue !!rowspan="2"| Watermark
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| |-
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| ! Obverse !! Reverse
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| |-
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| | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BRA/BRAW2010-002.htm]
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| | 2 reais
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| | Blue
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| | Wave pattern; [[Efígie da República|head of República]]
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| | Sea turtle
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| | 2010
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| | July 29, 2013
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| | Sea turtle and electrotype 2
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| |-
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| | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BRA/BRA0252.htm]
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| | 5 reais
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| | Purple
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| | Plants; [[Efígie da República|head of República]]
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| | Great egret
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| | 2010
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| | July 29, 2013
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| | Great egret and electrotype 5
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| |-
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| | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BRA/BRAW2010-010.htm]
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| | 10 reais
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| | 135 x 65mm
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| | Red
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| | Plants; [[Efígie da República|head of República]]
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| | Arara (macaw)
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| | 2010
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| | July 23, 2012
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| | Macaw and electrotype 10
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| |-
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| | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BRA/BRAW2010-020.htm]
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| | 20 reais
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| | 156 x 70mm
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| | Yellow and orange
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| | Plants; [[Efígie da República|head of República]]
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| | Mico-Leão-Dourado (golden lion tamarin, ''Leontopithecus rosalia'')
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| | 2010
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| | July 23, 2012
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| | Golden lion tamarin and electrotype 20
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| |-
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| | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BRA/BRAW2010-050.htm]
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| | 50 reais
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| | 149 x 70mm
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| | Brown and olive green
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| | Jungle plants; [[Efígie da República|head of República]]
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| | Onça pintada (jaguar)
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| | 2010
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| | December 13, 2010
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| | Jaguar and electrotype 50
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| |-
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| | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BRA/BRAW2010-100.htm]
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| | 100 reais
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| | 156 x 70mm
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| | Aqua and light blue
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| | Underwater plants and starfish; [[Efígie da República|head of República]]; coral
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| | Garoupa (grouper) fish; coral
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| | 2010
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| | December 13, 2010
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| | Grouper and electrotype 100
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| |-
| |
| |}
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| == "God Be Praised" controversy ==
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| Since 1986, Brazilian bank notes contain the words “Deus Seja Louvado” (God Be Praised). In 2012, a federal prosecutor from São Paulo sought a court order to force the central bank to replace the nation’s entire supply of paper currency with bills that do not display these words, arguing that Brazil is a secular state and that this phrase violates the rights of non-Christians and nonbelievers. The Bank responded by stating that the preamble to the Brazilian constitution explicitly states that the democracy was formed “under the protection of God”, and that the state, “not being atheist, anticlerical or antireligious, can legitimately make a reference to the existence of a higher being, a divinity, as long as, in doing so, it does not make an allusion to a specific religious doctrine.”<ref>"Brazil’s Banknotes Still Praise God, for Now", International Herald Tribune, 13 November 2012, see: http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/13/brazils-banknotes-still-praise-god-for-now/</ref>
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| == Current Real exchange rates ==
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| {{Exchange Rate|BRL|INR|RUB|ARS}}
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Portuguese real]]
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| *[[Plano Real]]
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| *[[Economy of Brazil]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Commons category|Money of Brazil|Real}}
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| * [http://www.soundsandcolours.com/articles/brazil/the-trouble-with-brazil-credit-bubbles-and-currency-wars/ Brazil's Currency War]
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| * [http://colnect.com/en/banknotes/list/country/3981/ Images of historic and modern Brazilian bank notes]
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| * [http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/423/the-invention-of-money The Invention of the Real (This American Life)]
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| *
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| {{Economy of Brazil}}
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| {{Historical currencies of Brazil}}
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| {{Brazil topics}}
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| {{Currency signs}}
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| {{Currencies of the Americas}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Brazilian Real}}
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| [[Category:Circulating currencies]]
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| [[Category:Currencies of Brazil]]
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| [[Category:1994 introductions]]
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| {{Link GA|ru}}
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