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{{PBB|geneid=2592}}
{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = GalP_UDP_transf
| Name = Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, N-terminal domain
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| Pfam = PF01087
| Pfam_clan = CL0265
| InterPro =
| SMART =
| PROSITE = PDOC00108
| MEROPS =
| SCOP = 1hxp
| TCDB =
| OPM family =
| OPM protein =
| CAZy =
| CDD =
}}
{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = GalP_UDP_tr_C
| Name = Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, C-terminal domain
| image = PDB 1gup EBI.jpg
| width =
| caption = structure of nucleotidyltransferase complexed with udp-galactose
| Pfam = PF02744
| Pfam_clan = CL0265
| InterPro = IPR005850
| SMART =
| PROSITE = PDOC00108
| MEROPS =
| SCOP = 1hxp
| TCDB =
| OPM family =
| OPM protein =
| CAZy =
| CDD =
}}
'''Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase''' (or '''GALT''') is an [[enzyme]] ({{EC number|2.7.7.12}}) responsible for converting ingested [[galactose]] to [[glucose]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GALT galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2592| accessdate = }}</ref>


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Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely:
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:[[UDP-glucose]] + [[galactose 1-phosphate]] <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> [[glucose 1-phosphate]] + [[UDP-galactose]]
<ul>
The expression of GALT is controlled by the actions of the FOXO3 gene. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined.<ref name="entrez"/>
 
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== Nike Free Run 5.0 Dam Den har livsstilsprodukter ==
<gallery>
Image:D-galactose Fischer.png|[[galactose]]
Image:D-glucose-chain-2D-Fischer.png|[[glucose]]
</gallery>


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==Mechanism==
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GALT catalyzes the second reaction of the [[Leloir]] pathway of [[galactose]] metabolism through ping pong bi-bi [[chemical kinetics|kinetics]] with a [[double displacement]] mechanism.<ref name="test">{{cite journal |author=Wong LJ, Frey PA |title=Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: rate studies confirming a uridylyl-enzyme intermediate on the catalytic pathway |journal=Biochemistry |volume=13 |issue=19 |pages=3889–3894 |date=September 1974 |pmid=4606575 |doi= 10.1021/bi00716a011|url=}}</ref> This means that the net reaction consists of two reactants and two products (see reaction above), and it proceeds by the following mechanism: the enzyme reacts with one substrate to generate one product and a modified enzyme, which goes on to react with the second substrate to make the second product while regenerating the original enzyme.<ref name="bibi">http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?double+displacement+mechanism</ref> In the case of GALT, the His166 residue acts as a potent [[nucleophile]] to facilitate transfer of a nucleotide between UDP-hexoses and hexose-1-phosphates.<ref name="structure">{{cite journal |author=Wedekind JE, Frey PA, Rayment I |title=Three-dimensional structure of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Escherichia coli at 1.8 A resolution |journal=Biochemistry |volume=34 |issue=35 |pages=11049–61 |date=September 1995 |pmid=7669762 |doi= 10.1021/bi00035a010|url=}}</ref>
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#UDP-glucose + E-His {{eqm}} Glucose-1-phosphate + E-His-UMP
#Galactose-1-phosphate + E-His-UMP {{eqm}} UDP-galactose + E-His<ref name="structure" />


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[[Image:GALT.JPG|left|thumb|Two-step action of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Image adapted from <ref name="pic">http://web.virginia.edu/Heidi/chapter19/chp19frameset.htm</ref>]]
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  <ul>
==Structural studies==
 
The three-dimensional structure at 1.8 angstrom resolution ([[x-ray crystallography]]) of GALT was discovered by Wedekind, Frey, and Rayment, and their structural analysis has found key [[amino acids]] essential for GALT function.<ref name="structure" />
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The important amino acids that Wedekind et al. found in their structural analysis of GALT, such as Leu4, Phe75, Asn77, Asp78, Phe79, and Val108, are consistent with residues that have been implicated both in point mutation experiments as well as in clinical screening to play a role in human galactosemia.<ref name="structure" /><ref name="mutations">{{cite journal |author=Seyrantepe V, Ozguc M, Coskun T, Ozalp I, Reichardt JK |title=Identification of mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) gene in 16 Turkish patients with galactosemia, including a novel mutation of F294Y. Mutation in brief no. 235. Online |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=339 |year=1999 |pmid=10220154 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:4<339::AID-HUMU18>3.0.CO;2-S |url=}}</ref>
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==Clinical significance==
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Deficiency of GALT causes [[classic galactosemia]].  [[Galactosemia]] is a childhood disease of hereditary nature.<ref name="Frido">{{cite journal |author=Fridovich-Keil JL |title=Galactosemia: the good, the bad, and the unknown |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=209 |issue=3 |pages=701–5 |date=December 2006 |pmid=17001680 |doi=10.1002/jcp.20820 |url=}}</ref>  The autosomal recessive trait affects approximately 1 in every 40,000-60,000 live-born infants. [[Classical galactosemia]] (G/G) is caused by a deficiency in GALT activity, whereas the more common clinical affliction, [[Duarte/Classica]] (D/G) arises from attenuation of GALT activity.<ref name="Elsas 1995">{{cite journal |author=Elsas LJ, Langley S, Paulk EM, Hjelm LN, Dembure PP |title=A molecular approach to galactosemia |journal=Eur. J. Pediatr. |volume=154 |issue=7 Suppl 2 |pages=S21–7 |year=1995 |pmid=7671959 |doi= 10.1007/BF02143798|url=}}</ref> Symptoms include ovarian failure, [[developmental coordination disorder]] (difficulty speaking correctly and consistently),<ref name="apraxia">http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/apraxia.htm</ref> and neurologic deficits.<ref name="Elsas 1995" /> A single mutation in any of several amino acids can lead to attenuation or deficiency in GALT activity.<ref name="Dob">{{cite journal |author=Dobrowolski SF, Banas RA, Suzow JG, Berkley M, Naylor EW |title=Analysis of common mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase gene: new assays to increase the sensitivity and specificity of newborn screening for galactosemia |journal=J Mol Diagn |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=42–7 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12552079 |pmc=1907369 |doi= 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60450-3|url=}}</ref>  For example, a single mutation from A to G in exon 6 of the GALT gene changes Glu188 to an [[arginine]], and a mutation from A to G in exon 10 converts Asn314 to an [[aspartic acid]].<ref name="Elsas 1995" />  These two mutations also add new [[restriction enzyme]] cut sites, which enable detection by and large-scale population screening with PCR ([[polymerase chain reaction]]).<ref name="Elsas 1995" />  Screening has mostly eliminated neonatal death by G/G galactosemia, but the disease, due to GALT’s role in the biochemical [[metabolism]] of ingested [[galactose]] (which is toxic when accumulated) to the energetically useful [[glucose]], can certainly be fatal.<ref name="Frido" /><ref name="lethal">{{cite journal |author=Lai K, Elsas LJ, Wierenga KJ |title=Galactose toxicity in animals |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=61 |issue=11 |pages=1063–74 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19859980 |pmc=2788023 |doi=10.1002/iub.262 |url=}}</ref>  However, those afflicted with galactosemia can live relatively normal lives by avoiding milk products and anything else containing galactose (since it cannot be metabolized), although there is the potential for problems in neurological development, or other complications, even in those who avoid galactose.<ref name="med">http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000366trt.htm</ref>
 
 
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==Disease Database==
 
[http://www.arup.utah.edu/database/GALT/GALT_display.php Galactosemia (GALT) Mutation Database]
</ul>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK |title=Genetic basis of galactosemia |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 190–6 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1301925 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380010303 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tyfield L, Reichardt J, Fridovich-Keil J, ''et al.'' |title=Classical galactosemia and mutations at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages= 417–30 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10408771 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)13:6<417::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-0 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK, Belmont JW, Levy HL, Woo SL |title=Characterization of two missense mutations in human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase: different molecular mechanisms for galactosemia |journal=Genomics |volume=12 |issue= 3 |pages= 596–600 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1373122 |doi=10.1016/0888-7543(92)90453-Y  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Leslie ND, Immerman EB, Flach JE, ''et al.'' |title=The human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene |journal=Genomics |volume=14 |issue= 2 |pages= 474–80 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1427861 |doi=10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80244-7  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK, Levy HL, Woo SL |title=Molecular characterization of two galactosemia mutations and one polymorphism: implications for structure-function analysis of human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase |journal=Biochemistry |volume=31 |issue= 24 |pages= 5430–3 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1610789 |doi=10.1021/bi00139a002  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK, Packman S, Woo SL |title=Molecular characterization of two galactosemia mutations: correlation of mutations with highly conserved domains in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=49 |issue= 4 |pages= 860–7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1897530 |doi=  | pmc=1683190  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK, Woo SL |title=Molecular basis of galactosemia: mutations and polymorphisms in the gene encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=88 |issue= 7 |pages= 2633–7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2011574 |doi=10.1073/pnas.88.7.2633  | pmc=51292  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Flach JE, Reichardt JK, Elsas LJ |title=Sequence of a cDNA encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase |journal=Mol. Biol. Med. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 365–9 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2233247 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK, Berg P |title=Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase |journal=Mol. Biol. Med. |volume=5 |issue= 2 |pages= 107–22 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2840550 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bergren WG, Donnell GN |title=A new variant of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase in man: the Los Angeles variant |journal=Ann. Hum. Genet. |volume=37 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–8 |year= 1974 |pmid= 4759900 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.1973.tb01808.x  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shih LY, Suslak L, Rosin I, ''et al.'' |title=Gene dosage studies supporting localization of the structural gene for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) to band p13 of chromosome 9 |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=19 |issue= 3 |pages= 539–43 |year= 1985 |pmid= 6095663 |doi= 10.1002/ajmg.1320190316 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ashino J, Okano Y, Suyama I, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular characterization of galactosemia (type 1) mutations in Japanese |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 36–43 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7550229 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380060108 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Elsas LJ, Langley S, Paulk EM, ''et al.'' |title=A molecular approach to galactosemia |journal=Eur. J. Pediatr. |volume=154 |issue= 7 Suppl 2 |pages= S21–7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7671959 |doi=10.1007/BF02143798  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Elsas LJ, Langley S, Steele E, ''et al.'' |title=Galactosemia: a strategy to identify new biochemical phenotypes and molecular genotypes |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=56 |issue= 3 |pages= 630–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7887416 |doi=  | pmc=1801164  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Fridovich-Keil JL, Langley SD, Mazur LA, ''et al.'' |title=Identification and functional analysis of three distinct mutations in the human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene associated with galactosemia in a single family |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=56 |issue= 3 |pages= 640–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7887417 |doi=  | pmc=1801186  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Davit-Spraul A, Pourci ML, Ng KH, ''et al.'' |title=Regulatory effects of galactose on galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity on human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=354 |issue= 2 |pages= 232–6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7957929 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(94)01133-8  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lin HC, Kirby LT, Ng WG, Reichardt JK |title=On the molecular nature of the Duarte variant of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=93 |issue= 2 |pages= 167–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8112740 |doi=10.1007/BF00210604  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Elsas LJ, Dembure PP, Langley S, ''et al.'' |title=A common mutation associated with the Duarte galactosemia allele |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=54 |issue= 6 |pages= 1030–6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8198125 |doi=  | pmc=1918187  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Reichardt JK, Novelli G, Dallapiccola B |title=Molecular characterization of the H319Q galactosemia mutation |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 325–6 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8499924 |doi=10.1093/hmg/2.3.325  }}
}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
* {{MeshName|Galactose-1-P-Uridyltransferase}}
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=galactosemia  GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Galactosemia]
* [http://www.arup.utah.edu/database/galactosemia/GALT_welcome.php Galactosemia (GALT) Mutation Database]
* [http://bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it/GALT/ GALT Protein Database]
 
{{Phosphotransferases}}
{{Fructose and galactose metabolism}}
 
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = no
| update_citations = yes
}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase}}
[[Category:EC 2.7.7]]
 
[[es:Galactosa-1-fosfato uridiltransferasa]]

Revision as of 20:16, 24 January 2014

Template:PBB Template:Infobox protein family Template:Infobox protein family Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (or GALT) is an enzyme (Air Transportation Experts Kull from Wingham, has many interests that include butterflies, property developers in singapore and digital photography. Is a travel freak and in recent past made buy a house in singapore journey to Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika.) responsible for converting ingested galactose to glucose.[1]

Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely:

UDP-glucose + galactose 1-phosphate glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-galactose

The expression of GALT is controlled by the actions of the FOXO3 gene. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined.[1]

Mechanism

GALT catalyzes the second reaction of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism through ping pong bi-bi kinetics with a double displacement mechanism.[2] This means that the net reaction consists of two reactants and two products (see reaction above), and it proceeds by the following mechanism: the enzyme reacts with one substrate to generate one product and a modified enzyme, which goes on to react with the second substrate to make the second product while regenerating the original enzyme.[3] In the case of GALT, the His166 residue acts as a potent nucleophile to facilitate transfer of a nucleotide between UDP-hexoses and hexose-1-phosphates.[4]

  1. UDP-glucose + E-His Template:Eqm Glucose-1-phosphate + E-His-UMP
  2. Galactose-1-phosphate + E-His-UMP Template:Eqm UDP-galactose + E-His[4]
Two-step action of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Image adapted from [5]

Structural studies

The three-dimensional structure at 1.8 angstrom resolution (x-ray crystallography) of GALT was discovered by Wedekind, Frey, and Rayment, and their structural analysis has found key amino acids essential for GALT function.[4]

The important amino acids that Wedekind et al. found in their structural analysis of GALT, such as Leu4, Phe75, Asn77, Asp78, Phe79, and Val108, are consistent with residues that have been implicated both in point mutation experiments as well as in clinical screening to play a role in human galactosemia.[4][6]

Clinical significance

Deficiency of GALT causes classic galactosemia. Galactosemia is a childhood disease of hereditary nature.[7] The autosomal recessive trait affects approximately 1 in every 40,000-60,000 live-born infants. Classical galactosemia (G/G) is caused by a deficiency in GALT activity, whereas the more common clinical affliction, Duarte/Classica (D/G) arises from attenuation of GALT activity.[8] Symptoms include ovarian failure, developmental coordination disorder (difficulty speaking correctly and consistently),[9] and neurologic deficits.[8] A single mutation in any of several amino acids can lead to attenuation or deficiency in GALT activity.[10] For example, a single mutation from A to G in exon 6 of the GALT gene changes Glu188 to an arginine, and a mutation from A to G in exon 10 converts Asn314 to an aspartic acid.[8] These two mutations also add new restriction enzyme cut sites, which enable detection by and large-scale population screening with PCR (polymerase chain reaction).[8] Screening has mostly eliminated neonatal death by G/G galactosemia, but the disease, due to GALT’s role in the biochemical metabolism of ingested galactose (which is toxic when accumulated) to the energetically useful glucose, can certainly be fatal.[7][11] However, those afflicted with galactosemia can live relatively normal lives by avoiding milk products and anything else containing galactose (since it cannot be metabolized), although there is the potential for problems in neurological development, or other complications, even in those who avoid galactose.[12]

Disease Database

Galactosemia (GALT) Mutation Database

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

Further reading

Template:Refbegin Template:PBB Further reading Template:Refend

External links

Template:Phosphotransferases Template:Fructose and galactose metabolism

Template:PBB Controls

es:Galactosa-1-fosfato uridiltransferasa

  1. 1.0 1.1 Template:Cite web
  2. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  3. http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?double+displacement+mechanism
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  5. http://web.virginia.edu/Heidi/chapter19/chp19frameset.htm
  6. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  7. 7.0 7.1 One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  9. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/apraxia.htm
  10. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  11. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  12. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000366trt.htm