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The α-algorithm is an algorithm used in process mining, aimed at reconstructing causality from a set of sequences of events. It was first put forward by van der Aalst, Weijters and Măruşter.[1] Several extensions or modifications of it have since been presented, which will be listed below.

It constructs P/T nets with special properties (workflow nets) from event logs (as might be collected by an ERP system). Each transition in the net corresponds to an observed task.

Short description

The algorithm takes a workflow log WT* as input and results in a workflow net being constructed.

It does so by examining causal relationships observed between tasks. For example, one specific task might always precede another specific task in every execution trace, which would be useful information.

Definitions used

  • A workflow trace or execution trace is a string over an alphabet T of tasks.
  • A workflow log is a set of workflow traces.

Description

Declaratively, the algorithm can be presented as follows. Three sets of tasks are determined:

  • TW is the set of all tasks which occur in at least one trace
  • TI is the set of all tasks which occur trace-initially
  • TO is the set of all tasks which occur trace-terminally

Basic ordering relations are determined (W first, the latter three can be constructed therefrom)

Places are discovered. Each place is identified with a pair of sets of tasks, in order to keep the number of places low.

  • YW is the set of all pairs (A,B) of maximal sets of tasks such that
  • PW contains one place p(A,B) for every member of YW, plus the input place iW and the output place oW

The flow relation FW is the union of the following:

The result is

Properties

It can be shown [2] that in the case of a complete workflow log generated by a sound SWF net, the net generating it can be reconstructed. Complete means that its W relation is maximal. It is not required that all possible traces be present (which would be countably infinite for a net with a loop).

Limitations

General workflow nets may contain several types of constructs [3] which the α-algorithm cannot rediscover.

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Constructing YW takes exponential time in the number of tasks, since W is not constrained and arbitrary subsets of TW must be considered.

Extensions

Template:Expand section for example [4] [5]

References

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  1. van der Aalst, W M P and Weijters, A J M M and Maruster, L (2003). "Workflow Mining: Discovering process models from event logs", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol 16
  2. van der Aalst et al. 2003
  3. A. de Medeiros, A K and van der Aalst, W M P and Weijters, A J M M (2003). "Workflow Mining: Current Status and Future Directions". in: "volume 2888 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science", Springer-Verlag
  4. A. de Medeiros, A K and van Dongen, B F and van der Aalst, W M P and Weijters, A J M M (2004). "Process mining: extending the α-algorithm to mine short loops"
  5. Wen, L and van der Aalst, W M P and Wang, J and Sun, J (2007). "Mining process models with non-free-choice constructs", "Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery" vol 15, p. 145--180, Springer-Verlag