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In [[mathematics]], more specifically [[differential topology]], a '''local diffeomorphism''' is intuitively a [[Function (mathematics)|function]] between [[smooth manifold]]s that preserves the local [[differentiable structure]]. The formal definition of a local diffeomorphism is given below.


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==Formal definition==
Let ''X'' and ''Y'' be [[differentiable manifold]]s. A [[Function (mathematics)|function]],
:<math>f : X \to Y\,</math>
 
is a '''local diffeomorphism''', if for each point ''x'' in ''X'', there exists an [[open set]] ''U'' containing ''x'', such that
:<math>f(U) \,</math>  
 
is open in ''Y'' and  
:<math>f|_U : U\to f(U)\,</math>  
 
is a [[diffeomorphism]].
 
==Discussion==
 
For instance, even though all manifolds look locally the same (as '''R'''<sup>n</sup> for some ''n'') in the topological sense, it is natural to ask whether their differentiable structures behave in the same manner locally. For example, one can impose two different [[differentiable structure]]s on '''R''' that make '''R''' into a differentiable manifold, but both structures are not locally diffeomorphic (see below). Note also that although local diffeomorphisms preserve differentiable structure locally, one must be able to "patch up" these (local) diffeomorphisms to ensure that the domain is the entire (smooth) [[smooth manifold|manifold]]. For example, there can be no local diffeomorphism from the 2-sphere to Euclidean two-space although they do indeed have the same local differentiable structure. This is because all local diffeomorphisms are continuous, the continuous image of a [[compact space]] is compact, the sphere is compact whereas Euclidean 2-space is not.
 
==Properties==
 
*Every local diffeomorphism is also a [[local homeomorphism]] and therefore an [[open map]].
 
*A local diffeomorphism has constant [[Rank (differential topology)|rank]] of ''n''.
 
*A [[diffeomorphism]] is a [[bijective]] local diffeomorphism.
 
* A smooth [[covering map]] is a local diffeomorphism such that every point in the target has a neighborhood that is ''evenly covered'' by the map.
 
*According to the [[inverse function theorem]], a smooth map ''f'' : ''M'' → ''N'' is a local diffeomorphism if and only if the [[pushforward (differential)|derivative]] ''Df''<sub>''p''</sub> : ''T<sub>p</sub>M'' → ''T''<sub>''f''(''p'')</sub>''N'' is a linear isomorphism for all points ''p'' in ''M''. Note that this implies that ''M'' and ''N'' must have the same dimension.
 
== Local flow diffeomorphisms ==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
 
== See also ==
 
*[[Spacetime symmetries]]
 
==References==
* {{Citation | last1=Michor | first1=Peter W. | title=Topics in differential geometry | publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]] | location=Providence, R.I. | series=Graduate Studies in Mathematics | isbn=978-0-8218-2003-2 | id={{MathSciNet | id = 2428390}} | year=2008 | volume=93}}.
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Local Diffeomorphism}}
[[Category:Diffeomorphisms]]
[[Category:Inverse functions]]
 
{{topology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:13, 30 May 2013

In mathematics, more specifically differential topology, a local diffeomorphism is intuitively a function between smooth manifolds that preserves the local differentiable structure. The formal definition of a local diffeomorphism is given below.

Formal definition

Let X and Y be differentiable manifolds. A function,

is a local diffeomorphism, if for each point x in X, there exists an open set U containing x, such that

is open in Y and

is a diffeomorphism.

Discussion

For instance, even though all manifolds look locally the same (as Rn for some n) in the topological sense, it is natural to ask whether their differentiable structures behave in the same manner locally. For example, one can impose two different differentiable structures on R that make R into a differentiable manifold, but both structures are not locally diffeomorphic (see below). Note also that although local diffeomorphisms preserve differentiable structure locally, one must be able to "patch up" these (local) diffeomorphisms to ensure that the domain is the entire (smooth) manifold. For example, there can be no local diffeomorphism from the 2-sphere to Euclidean two-space although they do indeed have the same local differentiable structure. This is because all local diffeomorphisms are continuous, the continuous image of a compact space is compact, the sphere is compact whereas Euclidean 2-space is not.

Properties

  • A local diffeomorphism has constant rank of n.
  • A smooth covering map is a local diffeomorphism such that every point in the target has a neighborhood that is evenly covered by the map.
  • According to the inverse function theorem, a smooth map f : MN is a local diffeomorphism if and only if the derivative Dfp : TpMTf(p)N is a linear isomorphism for all points p in M. Note that this implies that M and N must have the same dimension.

Local flow diffeomorphisms

Template:Empty section

See also

References

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