Equilibrium unfolding

In mathematics, a sample-continuous process is a stochastic process whose sample paths are almost surely continuous functions.

Definition

Let (Ω, Σ, P) be a probability space. Let X : I × Ω → S be a stochastic process, where the index set I and state space S are both topological spaces. Then the process X is called sample-continuous (or almost surely continuous, or simply continuous) if the map X(ω) : I → S is continuous as a function of topological spaces for P-almost all ω in Ω.

In many examples, the index set I is an interval of time, [0, T] or [0, +∞), and the state space S is the real line or n-dimensional Euclidean space Rⁿ.

Examples

• Brownian motion (the Wiener process) on Euclidean space is sample-continuous.
• For "nice" parameters of the equations, solutions to stochastic differential equations are sample-continuous. See the existence and uniqueness theorem in the stochastic differential equations article for some sufficient conditions to ensure sample continuity.
• The process X : [0, +∞) × Ω → R that makes equiprobable jumps up or down every unit time according to

$\{\begin{array}{ll}{X}_t\sim \mathrm{U}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{f}(\{X_{t-1}-1,X_{t-1}+1\}),& t\text{ an integer;}\\ X_t=X_{\lfloor t\rfloor },& t\text{ not an integer;}\end{array}$

is not sample-continuous. In fact, it is surely discontinuous.

Properties

• For sample-continuous processes, the finite-dimensional distributions determine the law, and vice versa.

See also

• Continuous stochastic process

References

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