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{{Infobox language
Having in a pair connected with a lovely island where your peaceful village is part way through beaches and woods right up until the enemies known since the BlackGuard led by Lieutenant Hammerman invades your island. After managing to guard against a small bit of invasion force, he intentions to avenge his loss using battle.<br><br>
|name=Jakaltek
|altname= Popti’
|nativename=''jab' xub'al''
|states=[[Guatemala]], [[Mexico]]
|region=[[Huehuetenango]], [[Chiapas]]
|ethnicity=[[Jakaltek people|Jakaltek]]
|speakers=9,500
|date=1990
|ref=e17<!--SIL reports this is not an error-->
|familycolor=American
|fam1=[[Mayan languages|Mayan]]
|fam2        = [[Q'anjobalan languages|Q’anjobalan–Chujean]]
|fam3        = Q'anjobalan
|fam4        = Kanjobal–Jacaltec
|iso3        = jac<!--Now Poptí. Other code retired.-->
|notice = IPA
}}


The '''Jakaltek''' {{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|k|əl|ˈ|t|ɛ|k}}<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> language (''Jacalteco''), also called '''Popti’''', is a [[Mayan languages|Mayan language]] of [[Guatemala]] spoken by 9,000 [[Jakaltek people]] in the department of [[Huehuetenango]], and some 500 the adjoining part of [[Chiapas]] in southern [[Mexico]]. The name Poptí for the language is used by the [[Guatemalan Academy of Mayan Languages|Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala]] and the [[Guatemalan Congress]].
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==Distribution==
Municipalities where Jakaltek is spoken include the following (''Variación Dialectal en Popti', 2000'').
 
*[[Concepción Huista]]
*[[Jacaltenango]] (including the following villages)
**''[[San Marcos Huista]]''
**''[[San Andrés Huista]]''
**''[[Yinhch'ewex]]''
*[[Nentón]]
*[[San Antonio Huista]]
*[[Santa Ana Huista]]
*[[Guadalupe Victoria]], Chiapas, Mexico
 
==Phonology==
The Eastern Jacaltec language includes the following [[phoneme]]s:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
![[bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]
![[retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[velar consonant|Velar]]
![[uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[stop consonant|Stop]]
| p {{IPAslink|p}}
| t {{IPAslink|t}}
|
|
|
| c/qu {{IPAslink|k}}
| k {{IPAslink|q}}
| ' {{IPAslink|ʔ}}
|-
![[implosive consonant|Implosive]]
| b {{IPAslink|ɓ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[ejective consonant|Ejective stop]]
|
| t' {{IPAslink|tʼ}}
|
| c'/q'u {{IPAslink|kʼ}}
| k' {{IPAslink|qʼ}}
|
|-
![[affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
| tz {{IPAslink|ts}}
| ch {{IPAslink|tʃ}}
| tx {{IPAslink|tʂ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
![[ejective consonant|Ejective affricate]]
|
| tz' {{IPAslink|tsʼ}}
| ch' {{IPAslink|tʃʼ}}
| tx' {{IPAslink|tʂʼ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
![[fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
| s {{IPAslink|s}}
| x {{IPAslink|ʃ}}
| ẍ {{IPAslink|ʂ}}
|
|
|
| j {{IPAslink|h}}
|-
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| m {{IPAslink|m}}
| n {{IPAslink|n}}
|
|
|
| n̈/ŋ {{IPAslink|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
![[Approximant]]
| w {{IPAslink|w}}
| l {{IPAslink|l}}
|
|
| y {{IPAslink|j}}
|
|
|
|-
![[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
| r {{IPAslink|r}}
|
|
|
|
|
|}
 
It also has the vowels a {{IPAslink|a}}, e {{IPAslink|e}}, i {{IPAslink|i}}, o {{IPAslink|o}}, u {{IPAslink|u}}
 
<div class="floatleft"><math> \mathbf{\ddot{n}}</math></div>
Eastern Jacaltec is one of the few languages besides the [[Malagasy language]] of [[Madagascar]] to make use of an n-[[trema (diacritic)|trema]] character in its alphabet. In both languages, the n-trema represents a [[velar nasal]] consonant {{IPAblink|ŋ}} (like "ng" in "bang").
 
Jakaltek-language programming is carried by the [[National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples|CDI]]'s radio station [[XEVFS]], broadcasting from [[Las Margaritas, Chiapas]].
 
==Grammar==
The Jacaltec language has a [[verb–subject–object]] syntax. Like many [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] languages, Jacaltec has a lot of complex [[agglutinative]] [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] and uses [[Ergative–absolutive language|ergative–absolutive case alignment]]. It is divided in two dialects, Eastern and Western Jakalteko. "Eastern and Western Jakalteko understand each other's spoken languages, but not written text."<ref>Gordon, Raymond G, ed. "Jakalteko, Western." ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World''. 15th ed. Dallas, TX: SIL International, 2005. 254. Print.</ref>
 
Owing to Jacaltec's dissimilarity with [[Indo-European language]]s, the reasonably healthy linguistic population and the relative ease of access to Guatemala, Jacaltec has become a favorite of students of [[linguistic typology]].
 
==References==
<references/>
 
{{Languages of Guatemala}}
{{Mayan languages}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jakaltek Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Mexico]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Central America]]
[[Category:Languages of Guatemala]]
[[Category:Mayan languages]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Central America]]
[[Category:Mesoamerican languages]]
[[Category:Nahuatl words and phrases]]

Revision as of 16:08, 1 March 2014

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