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'''United States customary units''' are a [[Units of measurement|system of measurements]] commonly used in the [[United States]]. The U.S. customary system developed from [[English unit]]s which were in use in the [[British Empire]] before American independence. Consequently most U.S. units are virtually identical to the British [[imperial units]]. However, the British system was overhauled in 1824, changing the definitions of some units used there, so [[comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems|several differences]] exist between the two systems.
 
The majority of U.S. customary units were redefined in terms of the [[meter]] and the [[kilogram]] with the [[Mendenhall Order]] of 1893, and in practice, for many years before.<ref name="Mendenhall">[[Thomas Corwin Mendenhall|T. C. Mendenhall]], Superintendent of Standard Weights and Measures, [http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/app3.pdf Order of April 5, 1893], published as Appendix&nbsp;6 to the Report for 1893 of the [[U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey|Coast and Geodetic Survey]].</ref> These definitions were refined by the [[international yard and pound]] agreement of 1959.<ref name="FR59-5442">Astin, A.V., Karo, H. A. and Mueller, F. H. (June 25, 1959). Doc 59-5442, "[http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf Refinement of Values for the Yard and the Pound]." ''[[Federal Register]]''. When reading the document it helps to bear in mind that 999,998 = 3937 × 254.</ref>  The U.S. primarily uses customary units in its commercial activities, while science, medicine, government, and many sectors of industry use metric units.  The [[International System of Units]] (SI), the modern form of the [[metric system]], is preferred for many uses by the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<ref>Laws and Metric System, http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/metric/index.cfm, 2010</ref>
 
==History==
{{See also|Imperial and US customary measurement systems}}
 
The U.S. system of units is similar to the British [[Imperial units|imperial system]].<ref>"English units of measurement". ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'' 6th ed. 2001-2007. [http://web.archive.org/web/20080714214207/http://www.bartleby.com/65/en/Englsh-u.html archived copy].</ref>  Both systems are derived from [[English units]], a system which had evolved over the millennia before American independence, and which had its roots in Roman and Anglo-Saxon units.
 
The customary system was championed by the United States-based International Institute for Preserving and Perfecting Weights and Measures in the late 19th century. Advocates of the customary system saw the French Revolutionary, or metric, system as atheistic.<ref name="Gardner">{{cite web|first=Martin |last=Gardner|title=The Great Pyramid |year=1957|url= http://www.skeptically.org/skepticism/id15.html}}</ref> An auxiliary of the Institute in Ohio published a poem with wording such as "down with every "metric" scheme" and "A perfect inch, a perfect pint".<ref name="Gardner">[http://www.skeptically.org/skepticism/id15.html Martin Gardner, The Great Pyramid (1957)]</ref> One adherent of the customary system called it "a just weight and a just measure, which alone are acceptable to the Lord."<ref name="Gardner" />
 
The U.S. government passed Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, which made the [[metric system]] "the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and commerce". The legislation states that the federal government has a responsibility to assist industry as it ''voluntarily'' converts to the metric system, i.e., [[metrification]].  This is most evident in U.S. labeling requirements on food products, where SI units are almost always presented alongside customary units.  According to the CIA Factbook, the U.S. is one of three nations (the others being [[Liberia]] and [[Burma|Burma/Myanmar]]) that has not adopted the metric system as their official system of weights and measures.<ref name=CIA_World_Factbook>{{Cite book |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html |title=The World Factbook |publisher= [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location= Washington D.C. |chapter=Appendix G - Weights and Measures |date= |accessdate= August 28, 2012}}</ref>
 
U.S. customary units are widely used on consumer products and in industrial manufacturing. Metric units are standard in science, medicine, and government, including the [[U.S. Armed Forces]], as well as many sectors of industry.<ref name=CIA_World_Factbook/> There are anecdotal objections to the use of metric units in carpentry and the building trades, on the basis that it is easier to remember an integer number of inches plus a fraction than a measurement in millimeters,<ref>Robyn Williams (February 8, 1998) [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s11563.htm "Trouble with the Metric System"]. Australian ''Radio National'', Ockham's Razor.</ref> or that foot-inch measurements are more suitable when distances are frequently divided into halves, thirds and quarters, often in parallel. The metric system also lacks a parallel to the foot.<ref name="Tenner">Ed Tenner, (May 2005). [http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/14422/ "The Trouble with the Meter"] Technologyreview.com</ref> 
 
Other nations had, or still have unofficially, customary units of their own, sometimes very similar in name and measure to U.S. customary units, since they often share the same Germanic or Roman origins. Frequently, however, these units designate quite different sizes. For example, the [[mile]] ranged by country from one half to five U.S. miles; [[foot (length)|foot]] and [[pound (mass)|pound]] also had varying definitions. Until the twentieth century the customary units of measure in the United States were sometimes just as variable. Historically, a wide range of non-SI units were used in the United States and in Britain, but many have fallen into disuse. This article deals only with the units commonly used or officially defined in the United States.
 
==Units of length==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! Unit !! Divisions !! SI Equivalent
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Exact relationships shown in '''boldface'''
|-
!colspan="3"| International
|-
|1 [[Point (typography)|''point'']] (p) || ||  {{gaps|352.777|778}}&nbsp;µm
|-
|1 [[Pica (typography)|''pica'']] (P̸) || '''12 p''' || {{gaps|4.233|333}}&nbsp;mm
|-
|1 ''[[inch]]'' (in) || '''6 P̸''' || '''25.4&nbsp;mm'''
|-
|1 ''[[foot (length)|foot]]'' (ft) || '''12 in''' || '''{{gaps|0.304|8|u=m}}'''<ref name=Roberts/>
|-
|1 ''[[yard]]'' (yd) || '''3&nbsp;ft''' || '''{{gaps|0.914|4|u=m}}'''<ref name=Roberts/>
|-
|1 ''[[mile]]'' (mi) || '''{{gaps|5|280|u=ft}}''' or '''{{gaps|1|760|u=yd}}''' || '''{{gaps|1.609|344|u=km}}'''
|-
!colspan="3"| US Survey
|-
|1 [[link (unit)|link]] (li) || '''{{frac|33|50}} ft''' or 7.92 in || {{gaps|0.201|2|u=m}}
|-
|1 (survey) [[Foot (length)|foot]] (ft) || '''{{frac|1200|3937}} m''' || {{gaps|0.304|800|61|u=m}}<ref name=Roberts/>
|-
|1 [[rod (unit)|rod]] (rd) || '''25 li''' or '''16.5&nbsp;ft''' || {{gaps|5.029|21|u=m}}
|-
|1 [[chain (unit)|chain]] (ch) || '''4 rd''' || {{gaps|20.116|84|u=m}}
|-
|1 [[furlong]] (fur) || '''10 ch''' || {{gaps|201.168|4|u=m}}
|-
|1 survey (or statute) [[mile]] (mi) || '''8 fur''' ||{{gaps|1.609|347|u=km}}<ref name=Roberts>Roberts, R.W. (February 3, 1975). ''Federal Register'' republished in Barbrow, L.E. and Judson, L. V. (1976) [http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/app9.pdf ''Weights and Measures of the United States'']. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 447. p. 36</ref>
|-
|1 [[league (unit)|league]] (lea) || '''3&nbsp;mi''' || {{gaps|4.828|042|u=km}}
|-
!colspan="3" | International Nautical<ref name=Roberts>Roberts, R.W. (February 3, 1975). ''Federal Register'' republished in Barbrow, L.E. and Judson, L. V. (1976) [http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/app9.pdf ''Weights and Measures of the United States'']. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 447. p. 36</ref>
|-
|1 [[fathom]] (ftm) || '''2 yd''' || '''{{gaps|1.828|8|u=m}}'''
|-
|1 [[cable (unit)|cable]] (cb) || '''120 ftm''' or 1.091 fur || '''{{gaps|219.456|u=m}}'''
|-
|1 [[nautical mile]] (NM or nmi) || 8.439 cb or 1.151&nbsp;mi || '''1.852&nbsp;km'''
|}
 
The system for measuring length in the United States customary system is based on the [[inch]], [[Foot (length)|foot]], [[yard]], and [[mile]], which are the only four customary length measurements in everyday use. Since July 1, 1959, these have been defined on the basis of 1&nbsp;yard&nbsp;= 0.9144&nbsp;meters except for some applications in surveying.<ref name="FR59-5442" /> This definition was agreed with the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries, and so is often termed ''international measure''.
 
When international measure was introduced in the English-speaking countries, the basic [[geodetic datum]] in North America was the [[North American Datum]] of 1927 (NAD27), which had been constructed by [[triangulation]] based on the definition of the foot in the [[Mendenhall Order]] of 1893, that is 1&nbsp;foot&nbsp;= {{frac|1200|3937}}&nbsp;meters: this definition was retained for data derived from NAD27, but renamed the ''U.S. survey foot'' to distinguish it from the international foot.<ref name="FR59-5442" /> For most applications, the difference between the two definitions is insignificant — one international foot is exactly 0.999998 of a U.S. survey foot, for a difference of about {{frac|1|8}}&nbsp;inch (3&nbsp;mm) per mile — but it affects the definition of the [[State Plane Coordinate System]]s (SPCSs), which can stretch over hundreds of miles.<ref name="NGS-FAQ">{{Cite web |url= http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/faq.shtml#Feet |title= Frequently Asked Questions about the National Geodetic Survey |year= |work= [[National Geodetic Survey]] |accessdate= May 16, 2009 |contribution= What are the 'official' conversions that are used by NGS to convert 1) meters to inches, and 2) meters to feet?}}</ref>
 
The NAD27 was replaced in the 1980s by the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), which is defined in meters. The SPCSs were also updated, but the [[National Geodetic Survey]] left the decision of which (if any) definition of the foot to use to the individual states. All SPCSs are defined in meters, but seven states also have SPCSs defined in U.S. survey feet and an eighth state in international feet: the other 42&nbsp;states use only meter-based SPCSs.<ref name="NGS-FAQ" />
 
State legislation is also important for determining the conversion factor to be used for everyday land surveying and real estate transactions, although the difference (2&nbsp;[[Parts per million|ppm]]) is of no practical significance given the precision of normal surveying measurements over short distances (usually much less than a mile). Twenty-four states have legislated that surveying measures should be based on the U.S. survey foot, eight have legislated that they be made on the basis of the international foot, and eighteen have not specified the conversion factor from metric units.<ref name="NGS-FAQ" />
{{-}}
 
==Units of area==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! Unit !! Divisions !! SI Equivalent
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Exact relationships shown in '''boldface'''
|-
|1 square survey foot (sq ft or ft<sup>2</sup>) || 144 square inches</sup>||{{gaps|0.092|903|41}}&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
|-
|1 square chain (sq ch or ch<sup>2</sup>) || '''{{gaps|4|356}} sq ft (survey)''' or '''16 sq rods''' || {{gaps|404.687|3}}&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
|-
|1 [[acre]] || '''{{gaps|43|560}} sq ft (survey)''' or '''10 sq ch''' || {{gaps|4|046.873}}&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>
|-
|1 section || '''640 acres''' or '''1 sq mile (survey)''' || {{gaps|2.589|998}}&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
|-
|1 [[survey township]] (twp) || '''36 sections''' or '''4 sq leagues''' || {{gaps|93.239|93}}&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
|}
 
The most widely used area unit with a name unrelated to any length unit is the [[acre]]. The National Institute of Standards and Technology contends that customary area units are defined in terms of the square survey foot, not the square international foot.<ref name=Roberts/> Conversion factors are based on Astin (July 27, 1968)<ref>Astin, A. V. (July 27, 1968). [http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/sp447.pdf ''Federal Register'']. Republished in Barbrow, L.E and Judson, L.V. ''Weights and Measures of the United States: A Brief History.'' National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 447. pp. 34–35.</ref> and National Institute of Standards and Technology (2008).<ref>National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2008). [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)''].</ref>
{{-}}
 
==Units of capacity and volume==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Volume in general
|-
! Unit !! Divisions !! SI Equivalent
|-
|1 [[cubic inch]] (cu in) or (in<sup>3</sup>) ||  || '''{{gaps|16.387|064|u=[[Millilitre|mL]]}}'''<ref>The recommended symbol for the liter in the United States is 'L' per National Institute of Standards and Technology. (1995.) ''Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI).'' Special Publication 811. http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec06.html#6.1.2</ref>
|-
|1 [[cubic foot]] (cu ft) or (ft<sup>3</sup>) || '''{{gaps|1|728|u=cu in}}''' || {{gaps|28.316|85|u=[[litre|L]]}}
|-
|1 [[cubic yard]] (cu yd) or (yd<sup>3</sup>) || '''27 cu ft''' || {{gaps|764.554|857|984|u=L}}<br/>{{gaps|0.764|554|857|984|u=m<sup>3</sup>}}
|-
|1 [[acre-foot]] (acre ft) || '''{{gaps|43|560|u=cu ft}}'''<br/>{{gaps|1|613.333|u=cu yd}} || {{gaps|1.233|482|u=ML}}<br/>{{gaps|1|233.482|u=m<sup>3</sup>}}
|}
The [[cubic inch]], [[cubic foot]] and [[cubic yard]] are commonly used for measuring volume. In addition, there is one group of units for measuring volumes of liquids, and one for measuring volumes of dry material.
 
Other than the cubic inch, cubic foot and cubic yard, these units are differently sized from the units in the [[imperial system]], although the names of the units are similar. Also, while the U.S. has separate systems for measuring the volumes of liquids and dry material, the imperial system has one set of units for both.
{{-}}
 
===Fluid volume===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Liquid volume
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|Most common measures shown in ''italic'' font<br>
Exact conversions in '''bold''' font
|-
! Unit !! Divisions !! SI Equivalent
|-
|1 [[minim (unit)|minim]] (min) || ~1 [[drop (volume)|drop]] or 0.95 grain of water || '''{{gaps|61.611|519|921|875|u=μL}}'''
|-
|1 [[fluid dram|US fluid dram]] (fl dr) || '''60 min''' || '''{{gaps|3.696|691|195|312|5|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 ''[[teaspoon]]'' (tsp) || '''80 min''' || '''{{gaps|4.928|921|593|75|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 ''[[tablespoon]]'' (Tbsp) || '''3 tsp''' or '''4 fl dr''' || '''{{gaps|14.786|764|781|25|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 ''[[fluid ounce|US fluid ounce]]'' (fl oz) || '''2 Tbsp''' or 1.0408 oz av of water || '''{{gaps|29.573|529|562|5|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 [[Shot glass#Sizes|US shot]] (jig) || '''3 Tbsp''' || '''{{gaps|44.360|294|343|75|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 [[gill (unit)|US gill]] (gi) || '''4 fl oz''' || '''{{gaps|118.294|118|25|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 ''[[cup (unit)|US cup]]'' (cp) || '''2 gi''' or '''8 fl oz''' || '''{{gaps|236.588|2365|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 (liquid) ''[[pint|US pint]]'' (pt) || '''2 cp''' or 16.65 oz av of water|| '''{{gaps|473.176|473|u=mL}}'''
|-
|1 (liquid) ''[[quart|US quart]]'' (qt) || '''2 pt''' || '''{{gaps|0.946|352|946|u=L}}'''
|-
|1 (liquid) ''[[gallon|US gallon]]'' (gal) || '''4 qt''' or '''231 cu in''' || '''{{gaps|3.785|411|784|u=L}}'''
|-
|1 (liquid) [[barrel (unit)|barrel]] (bbl) || '''31.5 gal''' or '''{{frac|1|2}} hogshead''' || '''{{gaps|119.240|471|196|u=L}}'''
|-
|1 oil barrel (bbl) || '''42 gal''' or '''{{frac|2|3}} hogshead''' || '''{{gaps|158.987|294|928|u=L}}'''
|-
|1 [[hogshead]] || '''63 gal''' or '''{{gaps|8.421|875|u=cu ft}}'''<br>or 524.7&nbsp;lb of water || '''{{gaps|238.480|942|392|u=L}}'''
|}
 
One U.S. fluid ounce is {{frac|1|16}} of a U.S. pint, {{frac|1|32}} of a U.S. quart, and {{frac|1|128}} of a U.S. gallon. The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce [[avoirdupois]] of water, but in the U.S. it is defined as {{frac|1|128}} of a U.S. gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.041 ounces avoirdupois.
 
The saying "a pint's a pound the world around" refers to 16 US fluid ounces of water weighing approximately (about 4% more than) one pound avoirdupois. An imperial pint of water weighs a pound and a quarter.
 
[[File:20floz oz591ml.jpg|thumb|left|A {{convert|20|USoz|mL|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} bottle displaying both US and Metric units.]]
 
There are varying standards for [[Barrel (unit)|barrel]] for some specific commodities, including 31 gal for beer, 40 gal for whiskey or kerosene, and 42 gal for petroleum.  The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead.  The common 55 gallon size of [[drum (container)|drum]] for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure.
 
In the United States, single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet.  Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic feet (at one atmosphere).
 
Minims, drams and gill are rarely used currently. The gill is often referred to as a "half-cup".
{{-}}
 
===Dry volume===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Dry volume
|-
! Unit !! Divisions !! SI Equivalent
|-
|1 (dry) [[pint]] (pt) || 33.60 cu in || {{gaps|0.550|610|5|u=L}}
|-
|1 (dry) [[quart]] (qt) || '''2 pt''' || {{gaps|1.101|221|u=L}}
|-
|1 (dry) [[gallon]] (gal) || '''4 qt''' or '''{{gaps|268.802|5|u=cu in}}''' || {{gaps|4.404|884|u=L}}
|-
|1 [[peck]] (pk) || '''2 gal''' || {{gaps|8.809|768|u=L}}
|-
|1 [[bushel]] (bu) || '''4 pk''' or 1.244 cu ft || {{gaps|35.239|07|u=L}}
|-
|1 (dry) [[barrel]] (bbl) || '''{{gaps|7|056|u=cu in}}''' or 3.281 bu || {{gaps|115.627|1|u=L}}
|}
Small fruits and vegetables are often sold in dry pints and dry quarts. The U.S. dry gallon is less commonly used, and was not included in the handbook that many states recognize as the authority on measurement law.<ref>93rd Conference on Weights and Measures. (2009). [http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/HB44-09-Combined.pdf ''Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices''] (NIST Handbook 44). [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]].</ref><ref>[http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/upload/stlaw.pdf ''Summary of State Laws and Regulations in Weights and Measures'']. (2005) [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]].</ref> However [[peck]]s, or [[bushel]]s are sometimes used—particularly for [[grape]]s, [[apple]]s and similar [[fruit]]s in agricultural regions.
{{-}}
 
==Units of mass==
{{Main|Pound (force)|Pound (mass)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|+ Conversions
|-
! scope="col" | Type !! scope="col" | Unit !! scope="col" | Divisions !! scope="col" | SI equivalent
|-
! rowspan="8" scope="row" | Avoirdupois
|1 [[Grain (unit)|grain]] (gr) || '''{{frac|7000}} lb''' || '''{{gaps|64.798|91|u=mg}}'''
|-
|1 [[Dram (unit)|dram]] (dr) || '''{{frac|27|11|32}} gr''' or 8.859 [[Carat (mass)|carats]] || '''{{gaps|1.771|845|195|312|5|u=g}}'''
|-
|''1 [[ounce]]'' (oz) || '''16 dr''' || '''{{gaps|28.349|523|125|u=g}}'''
|-
|''1 [[pound (mass)|pound]]'' (lb) || '''16 oz''' || '''{{gaps|453.592|37|u=g}}'''
|-
|1 US [[hundredweight]] (cwt) || '''100&nbsp;lb''' || '''{{gaps|45.359|237|u=kg}}'''
|-
|1 long hundredweight || '''112&nbsp;lb''' || '''{{gaps|50.802|345|44|u=kg}}'''
|-
|''1 [[short ton|ton]]'' (short ton) || '''20 US cwt''' or '''2000&nbsp;lb''' || '''{{gaps|907.184|74|u=kg}}'''
|-
|1 [[long ton]] || '''20 long cwt''' or '''2240&nbsp;lb''' || '''{{gaps|1016.046|908|8|u=kg}}'''
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row" | Troy
|1 [[Grain (unit)|grain]] (gr) || '''{{frac|7000}} lb av''' or '''{{frac|5760}} lb t''' || '''{{gaps|64.798|91|u=mg}}'''
|-
|1 [[pennyweight]] (dwt) || '''24 gr''' or 7.776 [[Carat (mass)|carats]] || '''{{gaps|1.555|173|84|u=g}}'''
|-
|1 [[troy ounce]] (oz t) || '''20 dwt''' || '''{{gaps|31.103|476|8|u=g}}'''
|-
|1 [[troy pound]] (lb t) || '''12 oz t''' or 13.17 oz av || '''{{gaps|373.241|721|6|u=g}}'''
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|Most common measures shown in ''italics''<br>
Exact conversions shown in '''bold'''
|}
There have historically been five different English systems of mass: tower, [[apothecaries' system|apothecaries']], [[troy weight|troy]], [[avoirdupois system|avoirdupois]], and [[metric system|metric]]. Of these, the avoirdupois weight is the most common system used in the U.S., although  Troy weight is still used to weigh precious metals. Apothecaries weight—once used by pharmacies—has been largely replaced by metric measurements. Tower weight fell out of use in England (due to legal prohibition in 1527) centuries ago, and was never used in the United States.  The [[imperial units|imperial]] system, which is still used for some measures in the UK and other Commonwealth countries, is based on avoirdupois, with variations from U.S. customary units larger than a pound.
 
The pound avoirdupois, which forms the basis of the U.S. customary system of mass, is defined as exactly {{gaps|453.592|37|u=[[gram]]s}} by agreement between the U.S., the U.K. and other English-speaking countries in 1959. Other units of mass are defined in terms of it.
 
The avoirdupois pound is legally defined as a measure of [[mass]],<ref>[http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Publications/upload/AppendC-09-HB44-FINAL.pdf NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C, ''General Tables of Units of Measurement'', page C-6 ''Avoirdupois Units of Mass'']</ref> but the name pound is also applied to measures of [[Force (physics)|force]]. For instance, in many contexts, the [[Pound (mass)|pound]] avoirdupois is used as a unit of mass, but in some contexts, the term "pound" is used to refer to "[[pound-force]]".  The [[Slug (mass)|slug]] is another unit of mass derived from pound-force.
 
Troy weight, avoirdupois weight, and apothecaries' weight are all built from the same basic unit, the grain, which is the same in all three systems. However, while each system has some overlap in the names of their units of measure (all have ounces and pounds), the relationship between the grain and these other units within each system varies. For example, in apothecary and troy weight, the pound and ounce are the same, but are different from the pound and ounce in avoirdupois in terms of their relationships to grains and to each other. The systems also have different units between the grain and ounce (apothecaries' has scruple and [[dram (unit)|dram]], troy has [[pennyweight]], and avoirdupois has just dram, sometimes spelled ''drachm'').  The dram in avoirdupois weighs just under half of the dram in apothecaries'.  The [[fluid dram]] unit of volume is based on the weight of 1 dram of water in the apothecaries' system.
 
To alleviate confusion, it is typical when publishing non-avoirdupois weights to mention the name of the system along with the unit. Precious metals, for example, are often weighed in "troy ounces", because just "ounce" would be more likely to be assumed to mean an ounce avoirdupois.
 
For the pound and smaller units, the U.S. customary system and the British imperial system are identical. However, they differ when dealing with units larger than the pound. The definition of the pound avoirdupois in the imperial system is identical to that in the U.S. customary system.
 
In the United States, only the ounce, pound and short ton—known in the country simply as the ton—are commonly used, though the hundredweight is still used in agriculture and shipping.  The grain is used to describe the mass of propellant and projectiles in small arms [[ammunition]].  It was also used to measure medicine and other very small masses.
 
===Grain measures===
In agricultural practice, a [[bushel]] is a fixed volume of 2150.42 cubic inches. The mass of grain will therefore vary according to density. Some nominal weight examples are:-
*1 bushel (corn)  = 56&nbsp;lb = 25.4012&nbsp;kg
*1 bushel (wheat)  = 60&nbsp;lb = 27.2155&nbsp;kg
*1 bushel (barley) = 48&nbsp;lb = 21.7724&nbsp;kg
 
In trade terms a bushel is a term used to refer to these nominal weights, although even this varies. With oats, Canada uses 34&nbsp;lb bushels and the USA uses 32&nbsp;lb bushels.
 
==Cooking measures==
{{Main|Cooking weights and measures}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! style="text-align: left" | Measure
! [[Australia]] !! [[Canada]] !! [[UK]] !! [[United States|US]] || [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2004/aprqtr/21cfr101.9.htm |title=Food and Drugs: FDA Food Labeling |date=April 1, 2004 |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]]}}<br />For [[Nutrition facts label]]ing "a teaspoon means 5 milliliters (mL), a tablespoon means 15 mL, a cup means 240 mL, 1 fl oz means 30 mL, and 1 oz in weight means 28 g."</ref>
|-
| align=left | [[Teaspoon]] || 5 mL ||5 mL || 4.74 mL || 4.93 mL || 5 mL
|-
| align=left | [[Dessertspoon]]  || 10 mL || — || 9.47 mL || — || —
|-
| align=left | [[Tablespoon]] || 20 mL || 15 mL || 14.21 mL || 14.79 mL || 15 mL
|-
| align=left | [[Fluid ounce]] || — || — || 28.41 mL || 29.57 mL || 30 mL
|-
| align=left | [[Cup (volume)|Cup]] || 250 mL || 250 mL  || 284.13 mL || 236.59 mL || 240 mL
|-
| align=left | [[Pint]] || — || — || 568.26 mL || 473.18 mL || —
|-
| align=left | [[Quart]] || — || — || 1136.52 mL || 946.35 mL || —
|-
| align=left | [[Gallon]] || — || — || 4546.09 mL || 3785.41 mL || —
|}
The most common practical cooking measures for both liquid and dry ingredients in the United States (and many other countries) are the teaspoon, tablespoon and cup, along with halves, thirds, quarters and eighths of these.  Pounds, ounces, fluid ounces, and common sizes are also used, such as can (presumed size varies depending on product), jar, square (e.g., 1 oz avdp. of chocolate), stick (e.g., 4 oz avdp. butter) or fruit/vegetable (e.g., a half lemon, two medium onions).
 
Some common volume measures in English-speaking countries are shown at right. The volumetric measures here are for comparison only.
{{-}}
 
==Units of temperature==
Degrees [[Fahrenheit]] are used in the United States to measure [[temperature]]s in most non-scientific contexts. The [[Rankine scale]] of [[absolute temperature]] also saw some use in [[thermodynamics]]. Scientists worldwide use the [[kelvin]] and [[degree Celsius]]. Several technical standards are expressed in Fahrenheit temperatures and U.S. medical practitioners often use degrees Fahrenheit for body temperature.
 
The relationship between the different temperature scales is [[linear function|linear]] but the scales have different zero points, so conversion is not simply multiplication by a factor: pure water is defined to freeze at 32&nbsp;°F = 0&nbsp;°C and boil at 212&nbsp;°F = 100&nbsp;°C at 1 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]]; the conversion formula is easily shown to be:
 
<math>F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32</math> or inversely as <math>C = \frac{5}{9}(F - 32).</math>
 
==Other units==
*1 [[board-foot]] = 1&nbsp;ft × 1&nbsp;ft × 1 in = 2.360&nbsp;dm<sup>3</sup>
*1 [[British thermal unit]] (Btu) ≈ 1055&nbsp;J
*1 [[calorie]] (cal) = 4.184&nbsp;J
*1 food calorie ([[kilocalorie]], large calorie) (kcal, Cal) = 4.184&nbsp;kJ
*1 [[hand (unit)|hand]] = 10.16&nbsp;cm
*1 [[horsepower]] ≈ 745.7&nbsp;W
*1 [[R-value (insulation)|''R''-value]] (ft<sup>2</sup>·°F·h/Btu) ≈ 0.1761&nbsp;''R''<sub>SI</sub> (K·m<sup>2</sup>/W)
*1 [[slug (mass)]] = 1&nbsp;[[pound-force|lb<sub>f</sub>]]·s<sup>2</sup>/ft
*Various combination units are in common use, including the [[foot-pound]] and the [[pound per square inch]]; these are straightforwardly defined based on the above basic units.
 
==Other names for U.S. customary units==
The United States Code refers to these units as "traditional systems of weights and measures".<ref>{{usc|15|205b}}</ref>
 
Other common ways of referring to these systems in the United States are:  "Standard", "Customary", or, somewhat erroneously when considering volume/tonnage, "Imperial", or "English", which refers to the pre-1824 reform measures used throughout the British Empire.  Another term is the "[[foot-pound-second]]" (FPS) system (as opposed to [[centimetre-gram-second system of units|centimeter-gram-second]] (CGS) system).
 
Tools and fasteners with sizes measured in inches are sometimes called "SAE bolts" or "SAE wrenches" to differentiate them from their metric counterparts.  The [[SAE International|Society of Automotive Engineers]] originally developed fasteners standards using U.S. units for the US auto industry; the organization now uses metric units.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sae.org/exdomains/standardsdev/global_resources/SAE%20Metric%20Users%20Guide.pdf |title= Rules for SAE Use of SI (Metric) Units |date= May 1999 |publisher= Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc |accessdate= July 2012}}</ref>
 
==See also==
{{multicol}}
* [[Acre-foot]]
* [[Board foot]]
* [[Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems]]
* [[Conversion of units]]
{{multicol-break}}
* [[Cord (unit)]]
* [[History of measurement]], [[Systems of measurement|systems]] and [[units of measurement]]
* [[Metric system]] in general and the [[International System of Units]] (SI) in particular
* [[Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States]]
{{multicol-end}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== External links ==
* Rowlett's [http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/index.html A Dictionary of Units of Measurement]
 
{{systems of measurement|dots=on|sp=us}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Customary Units}}
[[Category:Customary units of measurement in the United States| ]]
[[Category:Imperial units]]
[[Category:Systems of units]]

Revision as of 11:46, 9 July 2013

United States customary units are a system of measurements commonly used in the United States. The U.S. customary system developed from English units which were in use in the British Empire before American independence. Consequently most U.S. units are virtually identical to the British imperial units. However, the British system was overhauled in 1824, changing the definitions of some units used there, so several differences exist between the two systems.

The majority of U.S. customary units were redefined in terms of the meter and the kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893, and in practice, for many years before.[1] These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959.[2] The U.S. primarily uses customary units in its commercial activities, while science, medicine, government, and many sectors of industry use metric units. The International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system, is preferred for many uses by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).[3]

History

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The U.S. system of units is similar to the British imperial system.[4] Both systems are derived from English units, a system which had evolved over the millennia before American independence, and which had its roots in Roman and Anglo-Saxon units.

The customary system was championed by the United States-based International Institute for Preserving and Perfecting Weights and Measures in the late 19th century. Advocates of the customary system saw the French Revolutionary, or metric, system as atheistic.[5] An auxiliary of the Institute in Ohio published a poem with wording such as "down with every "metric" scheme" and "A perfect inch, a perfect pint".[5] One adherent of the customary system called it "a just weight and a just measure, which alone are acceptable to the Lord."[5]

The U.S. government passed Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, which made the metric system "the preferred system of weights and measures for U.S. trade and commerce". The legislation states that the federal government has a responsibility to assist industry as it voluntarily converts to the metric system, i.e., metrification. This is most evident in U.S. labeling requirements on food products, where SI units are almost always presented alongside customary units. According to the CIA Factbook, the U.S. is one of three nations (the others being Liberia and Burma/Myanmar) that has not adopted the metric system as their official system of weights and measures.[6]

U.S. customary units are widely used on consumer products and in industrial manufacturing. Metric units are standard in science, medicine, and government, including the U.S. Armed Forces, as well as many sectors of industry.[6] There are anecdotal objections to the use of metric units in carpentry and the building trades, on the basis that it is easier to remember an integer number of inches plus a fraction than a measurement in millimeters,[7] or that foot-inch measurements are more suitable when distances are frequently divided into halves, thirds and quarters, often in parallel. The metric system also lacks a parallel to the foot.[8]

Other nations had, or still have unofficially, customary units of their own, sometimes very similar in name and measure to U.S. customary units, since they often share the same Germanic or Roman origins. Frequently, however, these units designate quite different sizes. For example, the mile ranged by country from one half to five U.S. miles; foot and pound also had varying definitions. Until the twentieth century the customary units of measure in the United States were sometimes just as variable. Historically, a wide range of non-SI units were used in the United States and in Britain, but many have fallen into disuse. This article deals only with the units commonly used or officially defined in the United States.

Units of length

Unit Divisions SI Equivalent
Exact relationships shown in boldface
International
1 point (p) Template:Gaps µm
1 pica (P̸) 12 p Template:Gaps mm
1 inch (in) 6 P̸ 25.4 mm
1 foot (ft) 12 in Template:Gaps[9]
1 yard (yd) 3 ft Template:Gaps[9]
1 mile (mi) Template:Gaps or Template:Gaps Template:Gaps
US Survey
1 link (li) Template:Frac ft or 7.92 in Template:Gaps
1 (survey) foot (ft) Template:Frac m Template:Gaps[9]
1 rod (rd) 25 li or 16.5 ft Template:Gaps
1 chain (ch) 4 rd Template:Gaps
1 furlong (fur) 10 ch Template:Gaps
1 survey (or statute) mile (mi) 8 fur Template:Gaps[9]
1 league (lea) 3 mi Template:Gaps
International Nautical[9]
1 fathom (ftm) 2 yd Template:Gaps
1 cable (cb) 120 ftm or 1.091 fur Template:Gaps
1 nautical mile (NM or nmi) 8.439 cb or 1.151 mi 1.852 km

The system for measuring length in the United States customary system is based on the inch, foot, yard, and mile, which are the only four customary length measurements in everyday use. Since July 1, 1959, these have been defined on the basis of 1 yard = 0.9144 meters except for some applications in surveying.[2] This definition was agreed with the UK and other Commonwealth countries, and so is often termed international measure.

When international measure was introduced in the English-speaking countries, the basic geodetic datum in North America was the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27), which had been constructed by triangulation based on the definition of the foot in the Mendenhall Order of 1893, that is 1 foot = Template:Frac meters: this definition was retained for data derived from NAD27, but renamed the U.S. survey foot to distinguish it from the international foot.[2] For most applications, the difference between the two definitions is insignificant — one international foot is exactly 0.999998 of a U.S. survey foot, for a difference of about Template:Frac inch (3 mm) per mile — but it affects the definition of the State Plane Coordinate Systems (SPCSs), which can stretch over hundreds of miles.[10]

The NAD27 was replaced in the 1980s by the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), which is defined in meters. The SPCSs were also updated, but the National Geodetic Survey left the decision of which (if any) definition of the foot to use to the individual states. All SPCSs are defined in meters, but seven states also have SPCSs defined in U.S. survey feet and an eighth state in international feet: the other 42 states use only meter-based SPCSs.[10]

State legislation is also important for determining the conversion factor to be used for everyday land surveying and real estate transactions, although the difference (2 ppm) is of no practical significance given the precision of normal surveying measurements over short distances (usually much less than a mile). Twenty-four states have legislated that surveying measures should be based on the U.S. survey foot, eight have legislated that they be made on the basis of the international foot, and eighteen have not specified the conversion factor from metric units.[10] Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

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Units of area

Unit Divisions SI Equivalent
Exact relationships shown in boldface
1 square survey foot (sq ft or ft2) 144 square inches Template:Gaps m2
1 square chain (sq ch or ch2) Template:Gaps sq ft (survey) or 16 sq rods Template:Gaps m2
1 acre Template:Gaps sq ft (survey) or 10 sq ch Template:Gaps m2
1 section 640 acres or 1 sq mile (survey) Template:Gaps km2
1 survey township (twp) 36 sections or 4 sq leagues Template:Gaps km2

The most widely used area unit with a name unrelated to any length unit is the acre. The National Institute of Standards and Technology contends that customary area units are defined in terms of the square survey foot, not the square international foot.[9] Conversion factors are based on Astin (July 27, 1968)[11] and National Institute of Standards and Technology (2008).[12] Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

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Oceanfront Suites, irresistible pricing for a 946 leasehold property with magnificent sea view. Dreaming of basking and feeling the warmth of pure sunlight is now just a click on away. Oceanfront Suites - Seaside residing no longer needs to remain an unattainable This Cambodia new launch, a mega development has also 762 residential models. Additionally located within this Oxley abroad property is a mega shopping center with 627 outlets and also up to 963 available workplace spaces and is surrounded by quite a few Embassy, resorts, Casinos and many vacationer relax space. Belysa EC @ Pasir Ris Esparina EC @ Sengkang Dell Launches World's first Gender-GEDI Female Entrepreneurship Index on 06/04/thirteen by Istanbul, Turkey. Paris Ris EC @ Paris Ris in search of indication of curiosity.

The developer should open a Venture Account with a financial institution or monetary establishment for every housing venture he undertakes, before he's issued with a Sale License (license to sell models in his development). All payments from buyers before completion of the challenge, and construction loans, go into the mission account. New launch rental LA FIESTA, an thrilling new condominium located along Sengkang Square / Compassvale Highway is a brief stroll to the bustling Sengkang City Centre the place the bus interchange, Sengkang MRT and LRT stations are located. Glorious location,Premium rental with Bayfront resort lifestyle theme and views ofwaterscape. Close to EC pricing - Worth for cash! Apr 02, 2013 Sengkang New Rental Launch, La Fiesta- Sengkang MRTstation at your gate.

As The Hillford property launch at Jalan Jurong Kechil may be very close to to beauty world mrt , the environment for the plot of land which belongs to World Class Land remains very upbeat as it is rather close to to Holland Village. Review now by visiting the brand new apartment pages on our website, each displaying complete particulars and the latest information of each new launch. You can even contact us directly to obtain quick & correct answers to all of your questions with high of the road service. An inevitable conclusion is that costs within the property market have just set new highs. The apparent connotation for potential buyers is to take motion now before prices bounce again. tract and points to his property line, marked by a big maple in a sea of Search SG Developersale.com

Units of capacity and volume

Volume in general
Unit Divisions SI Equivalent
1 cubic inch (cu in) or (in3) Template:Gaps[13]
1 cubic foot (cu ft) or (ft3) Template:Gaps Template:Gaps
1 cubic yard (cu yd) or (yd3) 27 cu ft Template:Gaps
Template:Gaps
1 acre-foot (acre ft) Template:Gaps
Template:Gaps		 Template:Gaps
Template:Gaps

The cubic inch, cubic foot and cubic yard are commonly used for measuring volume. In addition, there is one group of units for measuring volumes of liquids, and one for measuring volumes of dry material.

Other than the cubic inch, cubic foot and cubic yard, these units are differently sized from the units in the imperial system, although the names of the units are similar. Also, while the U.S. has separate systems for measuring the volumes of liquids and dry material, the imperial system has one set of units for both. Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight as the experts in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to encourage different buyers to observe suit. Bartley Ridge is the most popular new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-12 months leasehold new condominium at Mount Vernon road, good next to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you want to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing said potential property consumers in the two areas Http://Modern.Dowatch.Net/Profile/Mic31K/Created/Topics are now adopting a wait-and-see attitude. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch projects ? The Existing Mortgage on your HDB District 13, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

FindSgNewLaunch is the main Singapore Property web site - one of the best place to begin your actual estate search whether you might be an investor, shopping for for own use, or searching for a spot to lease. With detailed details about each property, together with maps and pictures. We deliver you probably the most complete choice out there. No. For brand spanking new Singapore property gross sales, you possibly can withdraw at any time earlier than booking the unit, without penalty. On the preview, the agent will let you recognize the exact worth for you to resolve whether or not to proceed or not. Solely when you resolve to proceed will the agent book the unit for you. Pending for Sale Licence Approval All Pending for Sale Licence Approval New launch FREEHOLD condominium @ Braddell New launch condominium combined growth at Yishun PROJECT TITLE

To not worry, we'll hold you in our VIP Precedence list for future new launch VIP Preview. We'll contact you to establish your wants and advocate related tasks, both new launch or resale properties that probably match your standards. In case you're looking for resale property, such as these few years old, or just got Short-term Occupation Permit (PRIME), you might click on here right here for fast search and submit your shortlisted listings to us, we'll check and call you for viewing.

Oceanfront Suites, irresistible pricing for a 946 leasehold property with magnificent sea view. Dreaming of basking and feeling the warmth of pure sunlight is now just a click on away. Oceanfront Suites - Seaside residing no longer needs to remain an unattainable This Cambodia new launch, a mega development has also 762 residential models. Additionally located within this Oxley abroad property is a mega shopping center with 627 outlets and also up to 963 available workplace spaces and is surrounded by quite a few Embassy, resorts, Casinos and many vacationer relax space. Belysa EC @ Pasir Ris Esparina EC @ Sengkang Dell Launches World's first Gender-GEDI Female Entrepreneurship Index on 06/04/thirteen by Istanbul, Turkey. Paris Ris EC @ Paris Ris in search of indication of curiosity.

The developer should open a Venture Account with a financial institution or monetary establishment for every housing venture he undertakes, before he's issued with a Sale License (license to sell models in his development). All payments from buyers before completion of the challenge, and construction loans, go into the mission account. New launch rental LA FIESTA, an thrilling new condominium located along Sengkang Square / Compassvale Highway is a brief stroll to the bustling Sengkang City Centre the place the bus interchange, Sengkang MRT and LRT stations are located. Glorious location,Premium rental with Bayfront resort lifestyle theme and views ofwaterscape. Close to EC pricing - Worth for cash! Apr 02, 2013 Sengkang New Rental Launch, La Fiesta- Sengkang MRTstation at your gate.

As The Hillford property launch at Jalan Jurong Kechil may be very close to to beauty world mrt , the environment for the plot of land which belongs to World Class Land remains very upbeat as it is rather close to to Holland Village. Review now by visiting the brand new apartment pages on our website, each displaying complete particulars and the latest information of each new launch. You can even contact us directly to obtain quick & correct answers to all of your questions with high of the road service. An inevitable conclusion is that costs within the property market have just set new highs. The apparent connotation for potential buyers is to take motion now before prices bounce again. tract and points to his property line, marked by a big maple in a sea of Search SG Developersale.com

Fluid volume

Liquid volume
Most common measures shown in italic font

Exact conversions in bold font

Unit Divisions SI Equivalent
1 minim (min) ~1 drop or 0.95 grain of water Template:Gaps
1 US fluid dram (fl dr) 60 min Template:Gaps
1 teaspoon (tsp) 80 min Template:Gaps
1 tablespoon (Tbsp) 3 tsp or 4 fl dr Template:Gaps
1 US fluid ounce (fl oz) 2 Tbsp or 1.0408 oz av of water Template:Gaps
1 US shot (jig) 3 Tbsp Template:Gaps
1 US gill (gi) 4 fl oz Template:Gaps
1 US cup (cp) 2 gi or 8 fl oz Template:Gaps
1 (liquid) US pint (pt) 2 cp or 16.65 oz av of water Template:Gaps
1 (liquid) US quart (qt) 2 pt Template:Gaps
1 (liquid) US gallon (gal) 4 qt or 231 cu in Template:Gaps
1 (liquid) barrel (bbl) 31.5 gal or Template:Frac hogshead Template:Gaps
1 oil barrel (bbl) 42 gal or Template:Frac hogshead Template:Gaps
1 hogshead 63 gal or Template:Gaps
or 524.7 lb of water		 Template:Gaps

One U.S. fluid ounce is Template:Frac of a U.S. pint, Template:Frac of a U.S. quart, and Template:Frac of a U.S. gallon. The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, but in the U.S. it is defined as Template:Frac of a U.S. gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.041 ounces avoirdupois.

The saying "a pint's a pound the world around" refers to 16 US fluid ounces of water weighing approximately (about 4% more than) one pound avoirdupois. An imperial pint of water weighs a pound and a quarter.

File:20floz oz591ml.jpg
A Template:Convert bottle displaying both US and Metric units.

There are varying standards for barrel for some specific commodities, including 31 gal for beer, 40 gal for whiskey or kerosene, and 42 gal for petroleum. The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead. The common 55 gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure.

In the United States, single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet. Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic feet (at one atmosphere).

Minims, drams and gill are rarely used currently. The gill is often referred to as a "half-cup". Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight as the experts in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to encourage different buyers to observe suit. Bartley Ridge is the most popular new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-12 months leasehold new condominium at Mount Vernon road, good next to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you want to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing said potential property consumers in the two areas Http://Modern.Dowatch.Net/Profile/Mic31K/Created/Topics are now adopting a wait-and-see attitude. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch projects ? The Existing Mortgage on your HDB District 13, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

FindSgNewLaunch is the main Singapore Property web site - one of the best place to begin your actual estate search whether you might be an investor, shopping for for own use, or searching for a spot to lease. With detailed details about each property, together with maps and pictures. We deliver you probably the most complete choice out there. No. For brand spanking new Singapore property gross sales, you possibly can withdraw at any time earlier than booking the unit, without penalty. On the preview, the agent will let you recognize the exact worth for you to resolve whether or not to proceed or not. Solely when you resolve to proceed will the agent book the unit for you. Pending for Sale Licence Approval All Pending for Sale Licence Approval New launch FREEHOLD condominium @ Braddell New launch condominium combined growth at Yishun PROJECT TITLE

To not worry, we'll hold you in our VIP Precedence list for future new launch VIP Preview. We'll contact you to establish your wants and advocate related tasks, both new launch or resale properties that probably match your standards. In case you're looking for resale property, such as these few years old, or just got Short-term Occupation Permit (PRIME), you might click on here right here for fast search and submit your shortlisted listings to us, we'll check and call you for viewing.

Oceanfront Suites, irresistible pricing for a 946 leasehold property with magnificent sea view. Dreaming of basking and feeling the warmth of pure sunlight is now just a click on away. Oceanfront Suites - Seaside residing no longer needs to remain an unattainable This Cambodia new launch, a mega development has also 762 residential models. Additionally located within this Oxley abroad property is a mega shopping center with 627 outlets and also up to 963 available workplace spaces and is surrounded by quite a few Embassy, resorts, Casinos and many vacationer relax space. Belysa EC @ Pasir Ris Esparina EC @ Sengkang Dell Launches World's first Gender-GEDI Female Entrepreneurship Index on 06/04/thirteen by Istanbul, Turkey. Paris Ris EC @ Paris Ris in search of indication of curiosity.

The developer should open a Venture Account with a financial institution or monetary establishment for every housing venture he undertakes, before he's issued with a Sale License (license to sell models in his development). All payments from buyers before completion of the challenge, and construction loans, go into the mission account. New launch rental LA FIESTA, an thrilling new condominium located along Sengkang Square / Compassvale Highway is a brief stroll to the bustling Sengkang City Centre the place the bus interchange, Sengkang MRT and LRT stations are located. Glorious location,Premium rental with Bayfront resort lifestyle theme and views ofwaterscape. Close to EC pricing - Worth for cash! Apr 02, 2013 Sengkang New Rental Launch, La Fiesta- Sengkang MRTstation at your gate.

As The Hillford property launch at Jalan Jurong Kechil may be very close to to beauty world mrt , the environment for the plot of land which belongs to World Class Land remains very upbeat as it is rather close to to Holland Village. Review now by visiting the brand new apartment pages on our website, each displaying complete particulars and the latest information of each new launch. You can even contact us directly to obtain quick & correct answers to all of your questions with high of the road service. An inevitable conclusion is that costs within the property market have just set new highs. The apparent connotation for potential buyers is to take motion now before prices bounce again. tract and points to his property line, marked by a big maple in a sea of Search SG Developersale.com

Dry volume

Dry volume
Unit Divisions SI Equivalent
1 (dry) pint (pt) 33.60 cu in Template:Gaps
1 (dry) quart (qt) 2 pt Template:Gaps
1 (dry) gallon (gal) 4 qt or Template:Gaps Template:Gaps
1 peck (pk) 2 gal Template:Gaps
1 bushel (bu) 4 pk or 1.244 cu ft Template:Gaps
1 (dry) barrel (bbl) Template:Gaps or 3.281 bu Template:Gaps

Small fruits and vegetables are often sold in dry pints and dry quarts. The U.S. dry gallon is less commonly used, and was not included in the handbook that many states recognize as the authority on measurement law.[14][15] However pecks, or bushels are sometimes used—particularly for grapes, apples and similar fruits in agricultural regions. Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight as the experts in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to encourage different buyers to observe suit. Bartley Ridge is the most popular new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-12 months leasehold new condominium at Mount Vernon road, good next to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you want to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing said potential property consumers in the two areas Http://Modern.Dowatch.Net/Profile/Mic31K/Created/Topics are now adopting a wait-and-see attitude. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch projects ? The Existing Mortgage on your HDB District 13, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

FindSgNewLaunch is the main Singapore Property web site - one of the best place to begin your actual estate search whether you might be an investor, shopping for for own use, or searching for a spot to lease. With detailed details about each property, together with maps and pictures. We deliver you probably the most complete choice out there. No. For brand spanking new Singapore property gross sales, you possibly can withdraw at any time earlier than booking the unit, without penalty. On the preview, the agent will let you recognize the exact worth for you to resolve whether or not to proceed or not. Solely when you resolve to proceed will the agent book the unit for you. Pending for Sale Licence Approval All Pending for Sale Licence Approval New launch FREEHOLD condominium @ Braddell New launch condominium combined growth at Yishun PROJECT TITLE

To not worry, we'll hold you in our VIP Precedence list for future new launch VIP Preview. We'll contact you to establish your wants and advocate related tasks, both new launch or resale properties that probably match your standards. In case you're looking for resale property, such as these few years old, or just got Short-term Occupation Permit (PRIME), you might click on here right here for fast search and submit your shortlisted listings to us, we'll check and call you for viewing.

Oceanfront Suites, irresistible pricing for a 946 leasehold property with magnificent sea view. Dreaming of basking and feeling the warmth of pure sunlight is now just a click on away. Oceanfront Suites - Seaside residing no longer needs to remain an unattainable This Cambodia new launch, a mega development has also 762 residential models. Additionally located within this Oxley abroad property is a mega shopping center with 627 outlets and also up to 963 available workplace spaces and is surrounded by quite a few Embassy, resorts, Casinos and many vacationer relax space. Belysa EC @ Pasir Ris Esparina EC @ Sengkang Dell Launches World's first Gender-GEDI Female Entrepreneurship Index on 06/04/thirteen by Istanbul, Turkey. Paris Ris EC @ Paris Ris in search of indication of curiosity.

The developer should open a Venture Account with a financial institution or monetary establishment for every housing venture he undertakes, before he's issued with a Sale License (license to sell models in his development). All payments from buyers before completion of the challenge, and construction loans, go into the mission account. New launch rental LA FIESTA, an thrilling new condominium located along Sengkang Square / Compassvale Highway is a brief stroll to the bustling Sengkang City Centre the place the bus interchange, Sengkang MRT and LRT stations are located. Glorious location,Premium rental with Bayfront resort lifestyle theme and views ofwaterscape. Close to EC pricing - Worth for cash! Apr 02, 2013 Sengkang New Rental Launch, La Fiesta- Sengkang MRTstation at your gate.

As The Hillford property launch at Jalan Jurong Kechil may be very close to to beauty world mrt , the environment for the plot of land which belongs to World Class Land remains very upbeat as it is rather close to to Holland Village. Review now by visiting the brand new apartment pages on our website, each displaying complete particulars and the latest information of each new launch. You can even contact us directly to obtain quick & correct answers to all of your questions with high of the road service. An inevitable conclusion is that costs within the property market have just set new highs. The apparent connotation for potential buyers is to take motion now before prices bounce again. tract and points to his property line, marked by a big maple in a sea of Search SG Developersale.com

Units of mass

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.

Conversions
Type Unit Divisions SI equivalent
Avoirdupois 1 grain (gr) Template:Frac lb Template:Gaps
1 dram (dr) Template:Frac gr or 8.859 carats Template:Gaps
1 ounce (oz) 16 dr Template:Gaps
1 pound (lb) 16 oz Template:Gaps
1 US hundredweight (cwt) 100 lb Template:Gaps
1 long hundredweight 112 lb Template:Gaps
1 ton (short ton) 20 US cwt or 2000 lb Template:Gaps
1 long ton 20 long cwt or 2240 lb Template:Gaps
Troy 1 grain (gr) Template:Frac lb av or Template:Frac lb t Template:Gaps
1 pennyweight (dwt) 24 gr or 7.776 carats Template:Gaps
1 troy ounce (oz t) 20 dwt Template:Gaps
1 troy pound (lb t) 12 oz t or 13.17 oz av Template:Gaps
Most common measures shown in italics

Exact conversions shown in bold

There have historically been five different English systems of mass: tower, apothecaries', troy, avoirdupois, and metric. Of these, the avoirdupois weight is the most common system used in the U.S., although Troy weight is still used to weigh precious metals. Apothecaries weight—once used by pharmacies—has been largely replaced by metric measurements. Tower weight fell out of use in England (due to legal prohibition in 1527) centuries ago, and was never used in the United States. The imperial system, which is still used for some measures in the UK and other Commonwealth countries, is based on avoirdupois, with variations from U.S. customary units larger than a pound.

The pound avoirdupois, which forms the basis of the U.S. customary system of mass, is defined as exactly Template:Gaps by agreement between the U.S., the U.K. and other English-speaking countries in 1959. Other units of mass are defined in terms of it.

The avoirdupois pound is legally defined as a measure of mass,[16] but the name pound is also applied to measures of force. For instance, in many contexts, the pound avoirdupois is used as a unit of mass, but in some contexts, the term "pound" is used to refer to "pound-force". The slug is another unit of mass derived from pound-force.

Troy weight, avoirdupois weight, and apothecaries' weight are all built from the same basic unit, the grain, which is the same in all three systems. However, while each system has some overlap in the names of their units of measure (all have ounces and pounds), the relationship between the grain and these other units within each system varies. For example, in apothecary and troy weight, the pound and ounce are the same, but are different from the pound and ounce in avoirdupois in terms of their relationships to grains and to each other. The systems also have different units between the grain and ounce (apothecaries' has scruple and dram, troy has pennyweight, and avoirdupois has just dram, sometimes spelled drachm). The dram in avoirdupois weighs just under half of the dram in apothecaries'. The fluid dram unit of volume is based on the weight of 1 dram of water in the apothecaries' system.

To alleviate confusion, it is typical when publishing non-avoirdupois weights to mention the name of the system along with the unit. Precious metals, for example, are often weighed in "troy ounces", because just "ounce" would be more likely to be assumed to mean an ounce avoirdupois.

For the pound and smaller units, the U.S. customary system and the British imperial system are identical. However, they differ when dealing with units larger than the pound. The definition of the pound avoirdupois in the imperial system is identical to that in the U.S. customary system.

In the United States, only the ounce, pound and short ton—known in the country simply as the ton—are commonly used, though the hundredweight is still used in agriculture and shipping. The grain is used to describe the mass of propellant and projectiles in small arms ammunition. It was also used to measure medicine and other very small masses.

Grain measures

In agricultural practice, a bushel is a fixed volume of 2150.42 cubic inches. The mass of grain will therefore vary according to density. Some nominal weight examples are:-

  • 1 bushel (corn) = 56 lb = 25.4012 kg
  • 1 bushel (wheat) = 60 lb = 27.2155 kg
  • 1 bushel (barley) = 48 lb = 21.7724 kg

In trade terms a bushel is a term used to refer to these nominal weights, although even this varies. With oats, Canada uses 34 lb bushels and the USA uses 32 lb bushels.

Cooking measures

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.

Measure Australia Canada UK US FDA[17]
Teaspoon 5 mL 5 mL 4.74 mL 4.93 mL 5 mL
Dessertspoon 10 mL — 9.47 mL — —
Tablespoon 20 mL 15 mL 14.21 mL 14.79 mL 15 mL
Fluid ounce — — 28.41 mL 29.57 mL 30 mL
Cup 250 mL 250 mL 284.13 mL 236.59 mL 240 mL
Pint — — 568.26 mL 473.18 mL —
Quart — — 1136.52 mL 946.35 mL —
Gallon — — 4546.09 mL 3785.41 mL —

The most common practical cooking measures for both liquid and dry ingredients in the United States (and many other countries) are the teaspoon, tablespoon and cup, along with halves, thirds, quarters and eighths of these. Pounds, ounces, fluid ounces, and common sizes are also used, such as can (presumed size varies depending on product), jar, square (e.g., 1 oz avdp. of chocolate), stick (e.g., 4 oz avdp. butter) or fruit/vegetable (e.g., a half lemon, two medium onions).

Some common volume measures in English-speaking countries are shown at right. The volumetric measures here are for comparison only. Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight as the experts in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to encourage different buyers to observe suit. Bartley Ridge is the most popular new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-12 months leasehold new condominium at Mount Vernon road, good next to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you want to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing said potential property consumers in the two areas Http://Modern.Dowatch.Net/Profile/Mic31K/Created/Topics are now adopting a wait-and-see attitude. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch projects ? The Existing Mortgage on your HDB District 13, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

FindSgNewLaunch is the main Singapore Property web site - one of the best place to begin your actual estate search whether you might be an investor, shopping for for own use, or searching for a spot to lease. With detailed details about each property, together with maps and pictures. We deliver you probably the most complete choice out there. No. For brand spanking new Singapore property gross sales, you possibly can withdraw at any time earlier than booking the unit, without penalty. On the preview, the agent will let you recognize the exact worth for you to resolve whether or not to proceed or not. Solely when you resolve to proceed will the agent book the unit for you. Pending for Sale Licence Approval All Pending for Sale Licence Approval New launch FREEHOLD condominium @ Braddell New launch condominium combined growth at Yishun PROJECT TITLE

To not worry, we'll hold you in our VIP Precedence list for future new launch VIP Preview. We'll contact you to establish your wants and advocate related tasks, both new launch or resale properties that probably match your standards. In case you're looking for resale property, such as these few years old, or just got Short-term Occupation Permit (PRIME), you might click on here right here for fast search and submit your shortlisted listings to us, we'll check and call you for viewing.

Oceanfront Suites, irresistible pricing for a 946 leasehold property with magnificent sea view. Dreaming of basking and feeling the warmth of pure sunlight is now just a click on away. Oceanfront Suites - Seaside residing no longer needs to remain an unattainable This Cambodia new launch, a mega development has also 762 residential models. Additionally located within this Oxley abroad property is a mega shopping center with 627 outlets and also up to 963 available workplace spaces and is surrounded by quite a few Embassy, resorts, Casinos and many vacationer relax space. Belysa EC @ Pasir Ris Esparina EC @ Sengkang Dell Launches World's first Gender-GEDI Female Entrepreneurship Index on 06/04/thirteen by Istanbul, Turkey. Paris Ris EC @ Paris Ris in search of indication of curiosity.

The developer should open a Venture Account with a financial institution or monetary establishment for every housing venture he undertakes, before he's issued with a Sale License (license to sell models in his development). All payments from buyers before completion of the challenge, and construction loans, go into the mission account. New launch rental LA FIESTA, an thrilling new condominium located along Sengkang Square / Compassvale Highway is a brief stroll to the bustling Sengkang City Centre the place the bus interchange, Sengkang MRT and LRT stations are located. Glorious location,Premium rental with Bayfront resort lifestyle theme and views ofwaterscape. Close to EC pricing - Worth for cash! Apr 02, 2013 Sengkang New Rental Launch, La Fiesta- Sengkang MRTstation at your gate.

As The Hillford property launch at Jalan Jurong Kechil may be very close to to beauty world mrt , the environment for the plot of land which belongs to World Class Land remains very upbeat as it is rather close to to Holland Village. Review now by visiting the brand new apartment pages on our website, each displaying complete particulars and the latest information of each new launch. You can even contact us directly to obtain quick & correct answers to all of your questions with high of the road service. An inevitable conclusion is that costs within the property market have just set new highs. The apparent connotation for potential buyers is to take motion now before prices bounce again. tract and points to his property line, marked by a big maple in a sea of Search SG Developersale.com

Units of temperature

Degrees Fahrenheit are used in the United States to measure temperatures in most non-scientific contexts. The Rankine scale of absolute temperature also saw some use in thermodynamics. Scientists worldwide use the kelvin and degree Celsius. Several technical standards are expressed in Fahrenheit temperatures and U.S. medical practitioners often use degrees Fahrenheit for body temperature.

The relationship between the different temperature scales is linear but the scales have different zero points, so conversion is not simply multiplication by a factor: pure water is defined to freeze at 32 °F = 0 °C and boil at 212 °F = 100 °C at 1 atm; the conversion formula is easily shown to be:

F=95C+32 or inversely as C=59(F−32).

Other units

Other names for U.S. customary units

The United States Code refers to these units as "traditional systems of weights and measures".[18]

Other common ways of referring to these systems in the United States are: "Standard", "Customary", or, somewhat erroneously when considering volume/tonnage, "Imperial", or "English", which refers to the pre-1824 reform measures used throughout the British Empire. Another term is the "foot-pound-second" (FPS) system (as opposed to centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system).

Tools and fasteners with sizes measured in inches are sometimes called "SAE bolts" or "SAE wrenches" to differentiate them from their metric counterparts. The Society of Automotive Engineers originally developed fasteners standards using U.S. units for the US auto industry; the organization now uses metric units.[19]

See also

48 year-old Registered Nurse (Medical ) Rave from Pickering, enjoys to spend time individuals watching, new property for sale developers in singapore and cave diving. Finished a cruise liner experience that included passing by Chan Chan Archaeological Zone.

40 year old Supply and Circulation Manager Courtney from Aberdeen, has several pursuits including bmx, property developers in new project launch singapore and actions. Finds travel a wonderful experience after visiting Central Sikhote-Alin.

Trying to invest in Singapore Actual Property , or are you attempting to promote, hire, invest, buy buy a Singapore property ? Properly then, you may have come to the fitting place in your seek for Singapore properties. Here, we are going to aid you find your dream Singapore property from our market itemizing of 1000's of Singapore properties in our Singapore real property database.

Overseas particular person who want to buy/ purchase a Restricted residential property in Sentosa Cove can acquire fast observe approval from Singapore Land Dealing Unit. Overseas particular person who want to purchase/ acquire a Restricted residential property in Sentosa Cove can apply for a long term social visit move underneath this Scheme to facilitate entry into Singapore. Foreign individual who want to apply for permanent residency in Singapore can contact SLA or MAS permitted institutions. The place you're shopping for property which is below development, the Singapore Academyof Regulation will maintain a portion of the acquisition monies as stakeholders till the expiryof the defects legal responsibility interval supplied in the Agreement/Contract. D19) Hougang / Punggol / Sengkang Condominium Common Room with Aircon

A international individual (any one who isn't a Singapore citizen, Singapore Company, Singapore restricted liability partnership or a Singapore society) will still want approval from the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) to purchase land-titled property such as houses, bungalows and vacant plots of land. Housing Improvement Board Properties SINGAPORE NON-PUBLIC RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES Singapore firm; Singapore society. We provide invaluable services to expats who are considering relocation to Singapore For every kind of Singapore property related providers, we're there to obtain your name. You are positive to get one of the best Singapore properties with our help. RE/MAX Singapore Singapore Residential Business and Industrial Singapore citizen; Singapore Land Authority Thomson Highway, Singapore

Nevertheless, additionally it is a foul investment decision to go in too early. For instance you buy a property near one of the new MRT station location at the Thomson line. Because it takes 10 years to be accomplished, you might need difficulties renting that place out to pay off your mortgage payments. In addition, 10 years is a long time when something can occur including recession, new properties being introduced, modifications in interest rates etc. All these can have an adversarial impact on your property funding.

First, there are generally more rental transactions than gross sales transactions, to permit AV to be determined for every property based on comparable properties. Second, actions in sale costs are extra unstable than rentals. Therefore, using rental transactions to derive the AV helps to maintain property tax extra steady for property owners. If you are shopping for or trying to hire a property. It's tiring to call up individual property agent, prepare appointments, coordinate timing and to go for individual property viewing. What most individuals do is to have a property agent representing them who will organize and coordinate the viewings for all of the properties out there based mostly in your requirements & most well-liked timing. Rent Property District 12 Lease Property District thirteen

The brokers say that many Chinese language patrons are also investing abroad so they can personal property close to major instructional establishments. Some are buying houses close to top faculties — despite the fact that their youngsters are so little they can not walk but. Greater than 80 % of rich Chinese need to ship their children overseas to school, based on the Hurun Report, a Shanghai-based mostly publication. Chinese language patrons sometimes used to pick up properties within the $1 to $5 million vary in New York, typically shopping for two and three at a time for funding purposes, the brokers mentioned. Monika Tu, a dealer at high-end real estate agency Black Diamondz Property Concierge in Sydney, says that over the previous yr mainland Chinese language have develop into 80 % of her firm's business. WCEGA Plaza & Tower

An insurance coverage that covers the reinstatement worth or outstanding loan, whichever is decrease, within the event that the property search singapore (view site…) it insures is destroyed by fire. The coverage does not embody dwelling renovations, moveable household contents and personal belongings. Mortgage Insurance Credit bureau checks (e.g., Good payment data for bank cards / previous or existing loans, no previous blemishes corresponding to discharged bankrupts) A sign by the financial institution of the quantity of mortgage that you are eligible for. Nonetheless, an AIP doesn't constitute a binding loan offer. Additional checks and situations may be imposed by the financial institution, and the phrases of the formal supply will even rely upon the property that you simply intend to buy. Freehold / leasehold (999 years / 99 years)

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

Template:Systems of measurement

  1. ↑ T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent of Standard Weights and Measures, Order of April 5, 1893, published as Appendix 6 to the Report for 1893 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Astin, A.V., Karo, H. A. and Mueller, F. H. (June 25, 1959). Doc 59-5442, "Refinement of Values for the Yard and the Pound." Federal Register. When reading the document it helps to bear in mind that 999,998 = 3937 × 254.
  3. ↑ Laws and Metric System, http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/metric/index.cfm, 2010
  4. ↑ "English units of measurement". The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th ed. 2001-2007. archived copy.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Template:Cite web Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Gardner" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  7. ↑ Robyn Williams (February 8, 1998) "Trouble with the Metric System". Australian Radio National, Ockham's Razor.
  8. ↑ Ed Tenner, (May 2005). "The Trouble with the Meter" Technologyreview.com
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Roberts, R.W. (February 3, 1975). Federal Register republished in Barbrow, L.E. and Judson, L. V. (1976) Weights and Measures of the United States. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 447. p. 36
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Template:Cite web
  11. ↑ Astin, A. V. (July 27, 1968). Federal Register. Republished in Barbrow, L.E and Judson, L.V. Weights and Measures of the United States: A Brief History. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 447. pp. 34–35.
  12. ↑ National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI).
  13. ↑ The recommended symbol for the liter in the United States is 'L' per National Institute of Standards and Technology. (1995.) Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). Special Publication 811. http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec06.html#6.1.2
  14. ↑ 93rd Conference on Weights and Measures. (2009). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices (NIST Handbook 44). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  15. ↑ Summary of State Laws and Regulations in Weights and Measures. (2005) National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  16. ↑ NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C, General Tables of Units of Measurement, page C-6 Avoirdupois Units of Mass
  17. ↑ Template:Cite web
    For Nutrition facts labeling "a teaspoon means 5 milliliters (mL), a tablespoon means 15 mL, a cup means 240 mL, 1 fl oz means 30 mL, and 1 oz in weight means 28 g."
  18. ↑ Template:Usc
  19. ↑ Template:Cite web
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