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{{distinguish|Christoffel–Darboux formula}} | |||
In [[mathematical analysis]], '''Darboux's formula''' is a formula introduced by {{harvs|txt|authorlink=Jean Gaston Darboux|first=Gaston|last=Darboux|year=1876}} for [[Summation|summing]] [[infinite series]] by using [[integral]]s or evaluating integrals using infinite series. It is a generalization to the [[complex plane]] of the [[Euler–Maclaurin formula|Euler–Maclaurin summation formula]], which is used for similar purposes and derived in a similar manner (by repeated [[integration by parts]] of a particular choice of [[integrand]]). Darboux's formula can also be used to derive the [[Taylor series]] of the [[calculus]]. | |||
==Statement== | |||
If φ(''t'') is a polynomial of degree ''n'' and ''f'' an analytic function then | |||
: <math> | |||
\begin{align} | |||
& \sum_{m=0}^n (-1)^m (z - a)^m \left[\phi^{(n - m)}(1)f^{(m)}(z) - \phi^{(n - m)}(0)f^{(m)}(a)\right] \\ | |||
{} = & (-1)^n(z - a)^{n + 1}\int_0^1\phi(t)f^{(n+1)}\left[a + t(z - a)\right]\, dt. | |||
\end{align} | |||
</math> | |||
The formula can be proved by repeated integration by parts. | |||
==Special cases== | |||
Taking φ to be a [[Bernoulli polynomial]] in Darboux's formula gives the [[Euler–Maclaurin summation formula]]. Taking φ to be (''t'' − 1)<sup>''n''</sup> gives the formula for a [[Taylor series]]. | |||
==References== | |||
*{{citation|last=Darboux|title=Sur les développements en série des fonctions d'une seule variable|year=1876|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k16420b/f291|volume=3|issue=II|page=291–312|journal= Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées}} | |||
*[[E. T. Whittaker|Whittaker, E. T.]] and Watson, G. N. "A Formula Due to Darboux." §7.1 in ''A Course in Modern Analysis'', 4th ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 125, 1990. [http://books.google.com/books?id=_hoPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=darboux's+formula&source=web&ots=-hSlgJrJXo&sig=8cg5JvFAW5r-7m9CPc2vIh5AtAc] | |||
==External links== | |||
*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DarbouxsFormula.html Darboux's formula] at [[MathWorld]] | |||
[[Category:Mathematical analysis]] | |||
[[Category:Summability methods]] |
Revision as of 00:05, 16 November 2013
Template:Distinguish In mathematical analysis, Darboux's formula is a formula introduced by Template:Harvs for summing infinite series by using integrals or evaluating integrals using infinite series. It is a generalization to the complex plane of the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula, which is used for similar purposes and derived in a similar manner (by repeated integration by parts of a particular choice of integrand). Darboux's formula can also be used to derive the Taylor series of the calculus.
Statement
If φ(t) is a polynomial of degree n and f an analytic function then
The formula can be proved by repeated integration by parts.
Special cases
Taking φ to be a Bernoulli polynomial in Darboux's formula gives the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula. Taking φ to be (t − 1)n gives the formula for a Taylor series.
References
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