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It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.<br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.<br><br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>When you loved this post and you would love to receive details relating to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 Washington DC Dentist] please visit our own internet site.
In [[discrete mathematics]], '''Schur's theorem''' is either of two different theorems of the [[mathematician]] [[Issai Schur]]. In [[differential geometry]], '''Schur's theorem''' is a theorem of [[:de:Axel Schur|Axel Schur]]. In [[functional analysis]], '''Schur's theorem''' is often called [[Schur's property]], also due to Issai Schur.
 
== Ramsey theory ==
{{wikibooks|Combinatorics|Schur's Theorem|Proof of Schur's theorem}}
In [[Ramsey theory]], '''Schur's theorem''' states that for any [[Partition of a set|partition]] of the [[positive integer]]s into a finite number of parts, one of the parts contains three integers ''x'', ''y'', ''z'' with  
 
:<math>x + y = z.\ </math>
 
Moreover, for every positive integer ''c'', there exists a number ''S''(''c''), called ''[[Schur's number]]'', such that for every partition of the integers
 
:<math>\{1, ..., S(c)\}\ </math>
 
into ''c'' parts, one of the parts contains integers ''x'', ''y'', and ''z'' with
 
:<math>x + y = z.\ </math>
 
[[Folkman's theorem]] generalizes Schur's theorem by stating that there exist arbitrarily large sets of integers all of whose nonempty sums belong to the same part.
 
== Combinatorics ==
In [[combinatorics]], '''Schur's theorem''' tells the number of ways for expressing a given number as a (non-negative, integer) linear combination of a fixed set of relatively prime numbers. In particular, if <math>\{a_1,\ldots,a_n\}</math> is a set of integers such that <math>gcd(a_1,\ldots,a_n)=1</math>, the number of different tuples of non-negative integer numbers <math>(c_1,\ldots,c_n)</math> such that <math>x=c_1a_1 + \cdots + c_na_n</math> when <math>x</math> goes to infinity is:
 
:<math>\frac{x^{n-1}}{(n-1)!a_1\ldots a_n}(1+o(1)).</math>
 
As a result, for every set of relatively prime numbers <math>\{a_1,\ldots,a_n\}</math> there exists a value of <math>x</math> such that every larger number is representable as a linear combination of <math>\{a_1,\ldots,a_n\}</math> in at least one way. This consequence of the theorem can be recast in a familiar context considering the problem of changing an amount using a set of coins. If the denominations of the coins are relatively prime numbers (such as 2 and 5) then any sufficiently large amount can be changed using only these coins. (See [[Coin problem]].)
 
== Differential geometry ==
In [[differential geometry]], '''Schur's theorem''' compares the distance between the endpoints of a space curve <math>C^*</math> to the distance between the endpoints of a corresponding plane curve <math>C</math> of less curvature.
 
Suppose <math>C(s)</math> is a plane curve with curvature <math>\kappa(s)</math> which makes a convex curve when closed by the chord connecting its endpoints, and <math>C^*(s)</math> is a curve of the same length with curvature <math>\kappa^*(s)</math>. Let <math>d</math> denote the distance between the endpoints of <math>C</math> and <math>d^*</math> denote the distance between the endpoints of <math>C^*</math>. If <math>\kappa^*(s) \leq \kappa(s)</math> then <math>d^* \geq d</math>.
 
'''Schur's theorem''' is usually stated for <math>C^2</math> curves, but John M. Sullivan has observed that Schur's theorem applies to curves of finite total curvature (the statement is slightly different).
 
==  Linear Algebra ==
{{main|Schur decomposition}}
In [[linear algebra]] Schur’s theorem is referred to as either the triangularization of a square matrix with complex entries, or of a square matrix with real entries and real eigenvalues.
 
==Functional analysis==
In [[functional analysis]] and the study of [[Banach space]]s, Schur's theorem, due to [[J. Schur]], often refers to [[Schur's property]], that for certain spaces, [[weak convergence]] implies convergence in the norm.
 
==References==
 
* Herbert S. Wilf (1994). [http://www.cs.utsa.edu/~wagner/CS3343/resources/gfology.pdf generatingfunctionology]. Academic Press.
* [[Shiing-Shen Chern]] (1967). Curves and Surfaces in Euclidean Space. In ''Studies in Global Geometry and Analysis.'' Prentice-Hall.
 
==Further reading==
* Daniel Panario (2005). [http://www.math.carleton.ca/~zgao/MATH5819/Notes/NoteT4.pdf Integer Partition and The Money Changing Problem].
* Dany Breslauer and Devdatt P. Dubhashi (1995). [http://www.brics.dk/LS/95/4/BRICS-LS-95-4/BRICS-LS-95-4.html Combinatorics for Computer Scientists]
* John M. Sullivan (2006). [http://arxiv.org/pdf/math.GT/0606007 Curves of Finite Total Curvature]. arXiv.
 
[[Category:Theorems in discrete mathematics]]
[[Category:Ramsey theory]]
[[Category:Additive combinatorics]]
[[Category:Theorems in combinatorics]]
[[Category:Theorems in differential geometry]]
[[Category:Theorems in linear algebra]]
[[Category:Theorems in functional analysis]]

Latest revision as of 00:13, 18 December 2013

In discrete mathematics, Schur's theorem is either of two different theorems of the mathematician Issai Schur. In differential geometry, Schur's theorem is a theorem of Axel Schur. In functional analysis, Schur's theorem is often called Schur's property, also due to Issai Schur.

Ramsey theory

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Sales transaction volumes have been expected to hit four,000 units for 2012, close to the mixed EC gross sales volume in 2010 and 2011, in accordance with Savills Singapore. Nevertheless the last quarter was weak. In Q4 2012, sales transactions were 22.8% down q-q to 7,931 units, in line with the URA. The quarterly sales discount was felt throughout the board. When the sale just starts, I am not in a hurry to buy. It's completely different from a private sale open for privileged clients for one day solely. Orchard / Holland (D09-10) House For Sale The Tembusu is a singular large freehold land outdoors the central area. Designed by multiple award-profitable architects Arc Studio Architecture + Urbanism, the event is targeted for launch in mid 2013. Post your Property Condos Close to MRT In Ramsey theory, Schur's theorem states that for any partition of the positive integers into a finite number of parts, one of the parts contains three integers x, y, z with

x+y=z.

Moreover, for every positive integer c, there exists a number S(c), called Schur's number, such that for every partition of the integers

{1,...,S(c)}

into c parts, one of the parts contains integers x, y, and z with

x+y=z.

Folkman's theorem generalizes Schur's theorem by stating that there exist arbitrarily large sets of integers all of whose nonempty sums belong to the same part.

Combinatorics

In combinatorics, Schur's theorem tells the number of ways for expressing a given number as a (non-negative, integer) linear combination of a fixed set of relatively prime numbers. In particular, if {a1,,an} is a set of integers such that gcd(a1,,an)=1, the number of different tuples of non-negative integer numbers (c1,,cn) such that x=c1a1++cnan when x goes to infinity is:

xn1(n1)!a1an(1+o(1)).

As a result, for every set of relatively prime numbers {a1,,an} there exists a value of x such that every larger number is representable as a linear combination of {a1,,an} in at least one way. This consequence of the theorem can be recast in a familiar context considering the problem of changing an amount using a set of coins. If the denominations of the coins are relatively prime numbers (such as 2 and 5) then any sufficiently large amount can be changed using only these coins. (See Coin problem.)

Differential geometry

In differential geometry, Schur's theorem compares the distance between the endpoints of a space curve C* to the distance between the endpoints of a corresponding plane curve C of less curvature.

Suppose C(s) is a plane curve with curvature κ(s) which makes a convex curve when closed by the chord connecting its endpoints, and C*(s) is a curve of the same length with curvature κ*(s). Let d denote the distance between the endpoints of C and d* denote the distance between the endpoints of C*. If κ*(s)κ(s) then d*d.

Schur's theorem is usually stated for C2 curves, but John M. Sullivan has observed that Schur's theorem applies to curves of finite total curvature (the statement is slightly different).

Linear Algebra

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. In linear algebra Schur’s theorem is referred to as either the triangularization of a square matrix with complex entries, or of a square matrix with real entries and real eigenvalues.

Functional analysis

In functional analysis and the study of Banach spaces, Schur's theorem, due to J. Schur, often refers to Schur's property, that for certain spaces, weak convergence implies convergence in the norm.

References

Further reading