Dmitrii Ivanovich Zhuravskii

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The Lander, Parkin, and Selfridge conjecture concerns the integer solutions of equations which are sums of like powers. The equations are generalisations of those considered in Fermat's Last Theorem.

Background

Diophantine equations, such as the integer version of the equation a2 + b2 = c2 that appears in the Pythagorean theorem, have been studied for their integer solution properties for centuries. Fermat's Last Theorem states that for powers greater than 2, the equation ak + bk = ck has no solutions with three positive integers a, b, c. Extending the number of terms on either or both sides, and allowing for higher powers than 2, led to Leonhard Euler to propose in 1769 that for all integers n and k greater than 1, if the sum of n kth powers of positive integers is itself a kth power, then n is greater than or equal to k.

In symbols, if i=1naik=bk where n > 1 and a1,a2,,an,b are positive integers, then his conjecture was that nk.

In 1966, a counterexample to Euler's sum of powers conjecture was found by L. J. Lander and T. R. Parkin for k = 5:[1]

275 + 845 + 1105 + 1335 = 1445.

In subsequent years further counterexamples were found, including for k = 4. The latter disproved the more specific Euler quartic conjecture, namely that a4 + b4 + c4 = d4, has no positive integer solutions. In fact, the smallest solution, found in 1988, is

4145604 + 2175194 + 958004 = 4224814,

which illustrates that finding solutions for this quartic equation without the help of computers can be almost impossible.

Conjecture

In 1967, L. J. Lander, T. R. Parkin, and John Selfridge (LPS) conjectured[2] that if i=1naik=j=1mbjk, where ai ≠ bj are positive integers for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n and 1 ≤ j ≤ m, then m+n ≥ k; the equal sum of like powers formula is often abbreviated as (k, m, n).

This would imply as a special case that if

i=1naik=bk

(under the conditions given above) then n ≥ k−1.

Current Status

It is not known if the conjecture is true, or if solutions exist that would be counterexamples, such as ak + bk = ck + dk for k ≥ 5.

See also

References

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External links

  • EulerNet: Computing Minimal Equal Sums Of Like Powers
  • Jaroslaw Wroblewski Equal Sums of Like Powers
  • Tito Piezas III: A Collection of Algebraic Identities


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