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{{Infobox Software
| name                  = IBM OpenDX
| logo                  = [[File:Opendx-logo.jpg|250px]]
| screenshot            = [[File:Opendx-screenshot2.jpg|250px]]
| caption                = visualization of a scalar field
| developer              =
| released              =
| frequently_updated    = yes<!-- Release version update? Don't edit this page, just click on the version number! -->
| latest_preview_version = Through [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]]
| programming language  = mainly [[C (programming language)|C]]
| platform              = [[Cross-platform]]
| language              =
| status                = Active
| genre                  = [[List of graphing software|Plotting]]
| license                = [[IBM Public License]]
| website                = {{url|http://www.opendx.org}}
}}
'''OpenDX''' stands for '''Open Data Explorer''' and is [[IBM]]'s [[Scientific visualization|scientific data visualization]] [[software]]. <!-- OpenDX is a [[visualization (graphic)|visualization]] program for complex [[data]]. Complex meaning more than one [[dimension]]. --> It can handle complex domains (as the mechanical [[gear]] or a human [[brain]]) along with [[measurement|measured]] or [[computer simulation|computed]] data. The data may be [[Scalar field|scalar]] (such as the concentration of a chemical agent in the brain), [[vector field|vector]] or [[tensor field|tensor]] fields (like the displacement or [[strain tensor]] fields when the gear is in action) at different points of the object. The points at which data is measured don't have to be equally spaced, and not need to be homogeneously spaced.  The project started in 1991 as ''Visualization Data Explorer''.
 
<!--
Many [[Computer program|programs]] make nice [[information graphic|graphs]] of a [[function (mathematics)|function]] like <math>y=f(x)</math>, or represent discrete points data <math>(x_i,y_i)</math> as a curve. [[OpenDx]] is oriented to more complex data is more complex data as a set of surface heights as a function of positions <math>z=f(x,y)</math> or arrays like <math>(x_i,y_i,z_i)</math>. -->
 
''OpenDX'' can  do 3D visualizations and represent the measured quantities color or gray scale coded, or as [[vector graphics|vectors]], [[Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines|streamlines]] and ribbons. It can make cuts in the object to have a view of the inside, and then represent the data on this cutting plane as a height coded graph. It can rotate the object to have a view of the data from any angle, and make [[Computer animation|animations]] of these movements.
 
== Graphical User Interface ==
 
''OpenDX'' is based on the [[Motif (software)|Motif]] widget toolkit on top of the [[X Window System]]. Its [[graphical user interface]] has a wide variety of [[InterActor|interactors]], both direct and indirect. Direct interactors allow the user to directly manipulate images (e.g. [[rotate]] or [[Page zooming|zoom]]). Indirect interactors ([[Rotary dial|dials]], [[Switch statement|switches]], [[Button (computing)|buttons]], sliders) enable the user to control various aspects of her visualization. Interactors are ''smarter'' because they are data-driven. Interactors are auto-ranging and self-limiting. They examine the data and, depending on its type, will determine the [[minimum]] and [[maximum]] of the data, or create a list for an option [[menu (computing)|menu]] based on the data. The user can even set the label of the interactor based on some aspect of the data (e.g., [[Metadata (computing)|metadata]]).
 
[[File:opendx-screenshot.jpg|frame|none|OpenDX screen shot showing the Visual Program Editor and several interactors]]
 
The data-driven concept is not simply for sliders, dials and option menus. It also applies to vector interactors. These will reconfigure themselves based on the dimensionality of the data. They will also auto-range themselves based on the maximum and minimum of each vector component.
 
== Design ==
 
Data Explorer is a system of tools and user interfaces for visualizing data. In general terms the visualization of data can be considered a 3-stage process:
 
* Describing and importing data
* Processing the data through a visualization program
* Presenting the resulting image.
 
The principal components of '''OpenDX''' are
 
; Data model: This is the set of definitions, rules, and conventions used to describe Data Explorer entities (including data fields, geometrical objects, and images).
 
; Data Prompter: A user interface for describing data to be imported into Data Explorer.
 
; Data Browser: A user interface for viewing a data file, determining the layout and organization of the data it contains, and transferring this information to the Data Prompter.
 
; Scripting Language: A high-level language for creating visualization programs. It can also be used directly in a command mode to perform various tasks. Visual programs—i.e., the visualization programs displayed in the Visual Program Editor window as ''networks'' of module icons—are also written in the scripting language. A visual program constructed in this window by the user is translated into the same language when it is saved to disk.
 
; Visual Program Editor (VPE): A graphical user interface for creating and modifying visual programs (networks). Programs created with this editor are translated into the scripting language by Data Explorer and are stored in that form.
 
; Modules: The ''building blocks'' (visualization ''tools'') that constitute a visual program network. They can be directly accessed and manipulated in the ''Visual Program Editor''.
 
; Module Builder: A user interface for creating customized modules to be used in visual programs.
 
; Image Window: An interactive window for viewing and modifying the presentation of the image produced by a visual program.
 
; Control Panels: A user interface for changing the parameter values used by a visual program.
 
== Screen shots ==
 
=== Visualization of a scalar field ===
 
[[File:opendx-screenshot2.jpg|frame|none|OpenDX screen-shot showing visualization of a scalar field.]]
 
In this example we show the visualization of the flow of a particulated material (dust) inside a building. In this case the quantity visualized is a scalar, namely the concentration of the particles. The concentration of particles at each point in space is represented using colors. The reader can deduce the concentration by comparing the colors with the ''colorbar'' at the right upper corner of the image. To improve the visualization the drawing is shadowed as if it had an elevation in the direction normal to the plane proportional to the concentration. In '''OpenDX''' this is called the ''rubber-sheet'' effect.
 
=== Visualization of vector fields ===
 
{|
| [[File:opendx-cubcav1.jpg|300px]]
| [[File:opendx-cubcav2.jpg|300px]]
|-
| [[File:opendx-cubcav3.jpg|300px]]
| [[File:opendx-cubcav4.jpg|300px]]
|}
 
[[Vector fields]] are harder to visualize than scalar ones. Consider in this case
the flow in a cubic cavity (the 3D version of the well studied
[http://www.mathematik.uni-dortmund.de/~featflow/album/dc.html square cavity] benchmark. The use of [[Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines|streamlines]] helps in realizing the direction of the flow. The ''rockets'' (the big red arrows on the top of the cavity) represent the imposed flow.
 
<!--
To be short, OpenDX is one of the best visualisation programs out there, and it is free ! Twenty years ago, when IBM made the program, there were big computer centers on campuses and research centers who could afford to buy the product for a lot of money. Then PCs became available and powerful, capable of running such a heavy program ; IBM on the other judged probably that the cost of maintenance of the program was higher than the revenue from it, and decided to opensource it.
The program was made by engineers for engineers, so it will seem a little heavy at the beginning. If however, you have complex data on a regular basis, it is definitively a good choice.
-->
 
==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.opendx.org}}  (no longer responding)
*[http://www.vizsolutions.com/ Commercial support, physical media] (no longer responding)
*[http://www-beams.colorado.edu/dxhdf5/ module] for reading [[HDF5]] files
*[http://www.featflow.de/en/index.html  An opensource software], developed by [[University of Dortmund]]
 
[[Category:Data visualization software]]
[[Category:IBM software|OpenDX]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in C]]

Revision as of 17:44, 1 February 2014

Template:Infobox Software OpenDX stands for Open Data Explorer and is IBM's scientific data visualization software. It can handle complex domains (as the mechanical gear or a human brain) along with measured or computed data. The data may be scalar (such as the concentration of a chemical agent in the brain), vector or tensor fields (like the displacement or strain tensor fields when the gear is in action) at different points of the object. The points at which data is measured don't have to be equally spaced, and not need to be homogeneously spaced. The project started in 1991 as Visualization Data Explorer.


OpenDX can do 3D visualizations and represent the measured quantities color or gray scale coded, or as vectors, streamlines and ribbons. It can make cuts in the object to have a view of the inside, and then represent the data on this cutting plane as a height coded graph. It can rotate the object to have a view of the data from any angle, and make animations of these movements.

Graphical User Interface

OpenDX is based on the Motif widget toolkit on top of the X Window System. Its graphical user interface has a wide variety of interactors, both direct and indirect. Direct interactors allow the user to directly manipulate images (e.g. rotate or zoom). Indirect interactors (dials, switches, buttons, sliders) enable the user to control various aspects of her visualization. Interactors are smarter because they are data-driven. Interactors are auto-ranging and self-limiting. They examine the data and, depending on its type, will determine the minimum and maximum of the data, or create a list for an option menu based on the data. The user can even set the label of the interactor based on some aspect of the data (e.g., metadata).

OpenDX screen shot showing the Visual Program Editor and several interactors

The data-driven concept is not simply for sliders, dials and option menus. It also applies to vector interactors. These will reconfigure themselves based on the dimensionality of the data. They will also auto-range themselves based on the maximum and minimum of each vector component.

Design

Data Explorer is a system of tools and user interfaces for visualizing data. In general terms the visualization of data can be considered a 3-stage process:

  • Describing and importing data
  • Processing the data through a visualization program
  • Presenting the resulting image.

The principal components of OpenDX are

Data model
This is the set of definitions, rules, and conventions used to describe Data Explorer entities (including data fields, geometrical objects, and images).
Data Prompter
A user interface for describing data to be imported into Data Explorer.
Data Browser
A user interface for viewing a data file, determining the layout and organization of the data it contains, and transferring this information to the Data Prompter.
Scripting Language
A high-level language for creating visualization programs. It can also be used directly in a command mode to perform various tasks. Visual programs—i.e., the visualization programs displayed in the Visual Program Editor window as networks of module icons—are also written in the scripting language. A visual program constructed in this window by the user is translated into the same language when it is saved to disk.
Visual Program Editor (VPE)
A graphical user interface for creating and modifying visual programs (networks). Programs created with this editor are translated into the scripting language by Data Explorer and are stored in that form.
Modules
The building blocks (visualization tools) that constitute a visual program network. They can be directly accessed and manipulated in the Visual Program Editor.
Module Builder
A user interface for creating customized modules to be used in visual programs.
Image Window
An interactive window for viewing and modifying the presentation of the image produced by a visual program.
Control Panels
A user interface for changing the parameter values used by a visual program.

Screen shots

Visualization of a scalar field

OpenDX screen-shot showing visualization of a scalar field.

In this example we show the visualization of the flow of a particulated material (dust) inside a building. In this case the quantity visualized is a scalar, namely the concentration of the particles. The concentration of particles at each point in space is represented using colors. The reader can deduce the concentration by comparing the colors with the colorbar at the right upper corner of the image. To improve the visualization the drawing is shadowed as if it had an elevation in the direction normal to the plane proportional to the concentration. In OpenDX this is called the rubber-sheet effect.

Visualization of vector fields

Vector fields are harder to visualize than scalar ones. Consider in this case the flow in a cubic cavity (the 3D version of the well studied square cavity benchmark. The use of streamlines helps in realizing the direction of the flow. The rockets (the big red arrows on the top of the cavity) represent the imposed flow.


External links

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