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{{For|other uses|DBM (disambiguation){{!}}DBM}} | |||
{{lowercase|title=dBm}} | |||
[[File:Relationship between dBu and dBm.svg|thumb|A schematic showing the relationship between [[dBu]] (the [[voltage source]]) and dBm (the power dissipated as [[heat]] by the 600 Ω [[resistor]])]] | |||
'''dBm''' (sometimes '''dBmW''') is an abbreviation for the power ratio in [[decibel]]s (dB) of the measured power referenced to one [[milliwatt]] (mW). It is used in radio, microwave and fiber optic networks as a convenient measure of absolute [[power (physics)|power]] because of its capability to express both very large and very small values in a short form. Compare [[dBW]], which is referenced to one watt (1000 mW). | |||
Since it is referenced to the [[watt]], it is an absolute unit, used when measuring absolute power. By comparison, the decibel ('''dB''') is a [[dimensionless unit]], used for quantifying the ratio between two values, such as [[signal-to-noise ratio]]. | |||
In audio and telephony, dBm is typically referenced relative to a 600 ohm impedance,<ref>{{cite book|last=Bigelow|first=Stephen|title=Understanding Telephone Electronics|publisher=Newnes|isbn=978-0750671750|pages=16}}</ref> while in radio frequency work dBm is typically referenced relative to a 50 ohm impedance.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carr|first=Joseph|title=RF Components and Circuits|year=2002|publisher=Newnes|isbn=978-0750648448|pages=45–46}}</ref> | |||
==Unit conversions== | |||
0 dBm equals 1 milliwatt. A 3 dB increase represents roughly doubling the power, which means that 3 dBm equals roughly 2 mW. For a 3 dB decrease, the power is reduced by about one half, making −3 dBm equal to about 0.5 milliwatt or 500 microwatts. | |||
To express an arbitrary power ''P'' in watts as ''x'' in dBm, or vice versa, the following equivalent expressions may be used: | |||
:<math>\begin{align} | |||
x &= 10 \log_{10} \frac{P}{ 1 \mathrm{mW}} \\ | |||
x &= 30+10 \log_{10} \frac{P}{ 1 \mathrm{W}} | |||
\end{align}</math> | |||
and | |||
:<math>\begin{align} | |||
P &= 1 \text{mW} \cdot 10^{\frac{x}{10}}\\ | |||
P &= 1 \text{W} \cdot 10^{ \frac{ x-30 }{10} } | |||
\end{align}</math> | |||
where ''P'' is the power in W and ''x'' is the power ratio in dBm. Below is a table summarizing useful cases: | |||
{{Main|Orders of magnitude (power)}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! dBm level !! Power !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| 80 dBm || 100 kW || Typical [[Effective radiated power|transmission power]] of [[FM radio]] station with {{convert|adj=on|50|km|mi}} range | |||
|- | |||
| 62 dBm || 1.588 kW = 1,588 W ||1500 W is the maximum legal power output of a U.S. [[ham radio]] station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arrl.org/part-97-amateur-radio |title=Part 97 - Amateur Radio|publisher=ARRL|accessdate=2012-09-21}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| 60 dBm || 1 kW = 1,000 W || Typical combined radiated RF power of [[microwave oven]] elements | |||
|- | |||
| 50 dBm || 100 W || Typical [[Black-body_radiation#Human body emission|thermal radiation emitted by a human body]] | |||
Typical maximum output RF power from a ham radio [[High frequency|HF]] transceiver | |||
|- | |||
| 40 dBm || 10 W || Typical PLC ([[Power Line Carrier]]) transmit power | |||
|- | |||
| 37 dBm || 5 W || Typical maximum output RF power from a handheld ham radio VHF/UHF transceiver | |||
|- | |||
| 36 dBm || 4 W || Typical maximum output power for a [[Citizens' band radio]] station (27 MHz) in many countries | |||
|- | |||
| 33 dBm || 2 W || Maximum output from a [[UMTS]]/[[3G]] mobile phone (Power class 1 mobiles) | |||
Maximum output from a GSM850/900 mobile phone | |||
|- | |||
| 30 dBm || 1 W = 1,000 [[Milliwatt|mW]] || Typical RF leakage from a microwave oven{{fact|date=December 2013}} | |||
DCS or GSM 1,800/1,900 MHz mobile phone. | |||
[[Equivalent isotropically radiated power|EIRP]] IEEE 802.11a (20 MHz-wide channels) in either 5 GHz Subband 2 (5,470–5,725 MHz) provided that transmitters are also IEEE 802.11h-compliant, ''or'' [[U-NII]]-3 (5,725–5,825 MHz). The former is EU only, the latter is US only. | |||
|- | |||
| 29 dBm || 794 mW || | |||
|- | |||
| 28 dBm || 631 mW || | |||
|- | |||
| 27 dBm || 500 mW || Typical [[cellular phone]] transmission power | |||
Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 2 mobiles) | |||
|- | |||
| 26 dBm || 400 mW || | |||
|- | |||
| 25 dBm || 316 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 24 dBm || 251 mW || Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 3 mobiles) | |||
1,880–1,900 MHz [[DECT]] (250 mW per 1,728 kHz channel). | |||
[[Equivalent isotropically radiated power|EIRP]] for Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11a (20 MHz-wide channels) in either the 5 GHz Subband 1 (5,180–5,320 MHz) or [[U-NII]]-2 & -W ranges (5,250–5,350 MHz & 5,470–5,725 MHz respectively). The former is EU only, the latter is US only. | |||
|- | |||
| 23 dBm || 200 mW || [[Equivalent isotropically radiated power|EIRP]] for IEEE 802.11n Wireless LAN 40 MHz-wide (5 mW/MHz) channels in 5 GHz subband 4 (5,735–5,835 MHz, US only) or 5 GHz subband 2 (5,470–5,725 MHz, EU only). Also applies to 20 MHz-wide (10 mW/MHz) IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN in 5 GHz Subband 1 (5,180–5,320 MHz) ''if'' also IEEE 802.11h compliant (otherwise only 3 mW/MHz → 60 mW when unable to dynamically adjust transmission power, and only 1.5 mW/MHz → 30 mW when a transmitter also cannot [[Dynamic Frequency Selection|dynamically select frequency]]). | |||
|- | |||
| 22 dBm || 158 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 21 dBm || 125 mW || Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 4 mobiles) | |||
|- | |||
| 20 dBm || 100 mW || [[Equivalent isotropically radiated power|EIRP]] for IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LAN 20 MHz-wide channels in the 2.4 GHz [[ISM band]] (5 mW/MHz). | |||
[[Bluetooth]] Class 1 radio. | |||
Maximum output power from unlicensed [[AM transmitter]] per U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) rules 15.219.<ref>[http://www.hallikainen.org/FCC/FccRules/CiteFind/015219.htm FCC Web Documents citing 15.219]</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| 19 dBm || 79 mW || | |||
|- | |||
| 18 dBm || 63 mW || | |||
|- | |||
| 17 dBm || 50 mW || | |||
|- | |||
| 15 dBm || 32 mW || Typical [[Wireless LAN]] transmission power in laptops. | |||
|- | |||
| 10 dBm || 10 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 6 dBm || 4.0 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 5 dBm || 3.2 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 4 dBm || 2.5 mW || Bluetooth Class 2 radio, 10 m range | |||
|- | |||
| 3 dBm || 2.0 mW || More precisely (to 8 [[decimal places]]) 1.9952623 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 2 dBm || 1.6 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 1 dBm || 1.3 mW | |||
|- | |||
| 0 dBm || 1.0 mW = 1,000 µW || Bluetooth standard (Class 3) radio, 1 m range | |||
|- | |||
| −1 dBm || 794 µW | |||
|- | |||
| −3 dBm || 501 µW | |||
|- | |||
| −5 dBm || 316 µW | |||
|- | |||
| −10 dBm || 100 µW ||Typical maximum received signal power (−10 to −30 dBm) of [[wireless network]] | |||
|- | |||
| −20 dBm || 10 µW | |||
|- | |||
| −30 dBm || 1.0 µW = 1,000 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|nW]] | |||
|- | |||
| −40 dBm || 100 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|nW]] | |||
|- | |||
| −50 dBm || 10 nW | |||
|- | |||
| −60 dBm || 1.0 nW = 1,000 [[Milliwatt|pW]] || The [[Earth]] receives one nanowatt per square metre from a [[Apparent magnitude|magnitude]] +3.5 [[star]]<ref>[http://webhome.cs.uvic.ca/~pearson/files/radiant_flux.html Radiant Flux of a Magnitude +3.5 Star]</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| −70 dBm || 100 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|pW]] | |||
|- | |||
| −73 dBm || 50.12 pW || "S9" signal strength, a strong signal, on the [[S meter|S-meter]] of a typical [[Amateur radio|ham]] or [[shortwave]] radio receiver | |||
|- | |||
| −80 dBm || 10 pW || Typical range (−70 to −90 dBm) of wireless received signal power over a network (802.11 variants) | |||
|- | |||
| −100 dBm || 0.1 pW | |||
|- | |||
| −111 dBm || 0.008 pW = 8 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|fW]] || [[Johnson–Nyquist noise|Thermal noise floor]] for commercial [[GPS]] single channel signal bandwidth (2 MHz) | |||
|- | |||
| −127.5 dBm || 0.178 fW = 178 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|aW]] || Typical received signal power from a [[GPS satellite]] | |||
|- | |||
| −174 dBm || 0.004 aW = 4 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|zW]]|| Thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth at room temperature (20 °C) | |||
|- | |||
| −192.5 dBm || 0.056 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|zW]] = 56 [[Milliwatt#Multiples|yW]] || Thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth in outer space (4 [[kelvin]]s) | |||
|- | |||
| −∞ dBm || 0 W || Zero power is not well-expressed in dBm (value is [[negative infinity]]) | |||
|} | |||
The signal intensity (power per unit area) can be converted to received signal power by multiplying by the square of the wavelength and dividing by 4π (see [[Free-space path loss]]). | |||
In [[United States Department of Defense]] practice, [[Weighting filter|unweighted]] measurement is normally understood, applicable to a certain [[Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth]], which must be stated or implied. | |||
In European practice, [[psophometric weighting]] may be, as indicated by context, equivalent to [[dBm0p]], which is preferred. | |||
In audio, 0 dBm often corresponds to approximately 0.775 Volts, since 0.775 Volts dissipates 1 mW in a 600 Ω load.<ref name=srh /> [[Decibel#Voltage|dBu]] measures against this reference voltage without the 600 Ω restriction. | |||
The dBm is not a part of the [[International System of Units]] and therefore is discouraged from use in documents or systems that adhere to SI units (the corresponding SI unit is the watt). However the straight [[decibel]] (dB), being a unitless ratio of two numbers, is perfectly acceptable.<ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf Thompson and Taylor 2008, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication SP811]</ref> | |||
Expression in dBm is typically used for optical and electrical power measurements, not for other types of power (such as thermal). A [[Orders of magnitude (power)|listing by power levels in watts]] is available that includes a variety of examples not necessarily related to electrical or optical power. | |||
The dBm was first proposed as an industry standard<ref name=srh>{{cite book|last=Davis|first=Gary|title=The Sound Reinforcement Handbook|year=1988|publisher=Yamaha|isbn=0881889008|pages=22}}</ref> in the paper "A New Standard Volume Indicator and Reference Level".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chinn|first=H.A.|coauthors=D.K. Gannett, R.M.Moris|title=A New Standard Volume Indicator and Reference Level|journal=Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers|date=January 1940|volume=28|issue=1|pages=1–17|doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1940.228815|url=http://www.aes.org/aeshc/pdf/chinn_a-new-svi.pdf}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | |||
*[[dBW]] | |||
*[[Decibel]] | |||
== References == | |||
{{FS1037C MS188}} | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
== External links == | |||
*[http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-volt.htm The dBm calculator for impedance matching] | |||
*[http://cgi.www.telestrian.co.uk/cgi-bin/www.telestrian.co.uk/dBm.pl Convert dBm to watts] | |||
{{Decibel}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dbm}} | |||
[[Category:Units of measurement]] | |||
[[Category:Radio frequency propagation]] |
Revision as of 04:23, 27 December 2013
28 year-old Painting Investments Worker Truman from Regina, usually spends time with pastimes for instance interior design, property developers in new launch ec Singapore and writing. Last month just traveled to City of the Renaissance. Template:Lowercase
dBm (sometimes dBmW) is an abbreviation for the power ratio in decibels (dB) of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt (mW). It is used in radio, microwave and fiber optic networks as a convenient measure of absolute power because of its capability to express both very large and very small values in a short form. Compare dBW, which is referenced to one watt (1000 mW).
Since it is referenced to the watt, it is an absolute unit, used when measuring absolute power. By comparison, the decibel (dB) is a dimensionless unit, used for quantifying the ratio between two values, such as signal-to-noise ratio.
In audio and telephony, dBm is typically referenced relative to a 600 ohm impedance,[1] while in radio frequency work dBm is typically referenced relative to a 50 ohm impedance.[2]
Unit conversions
0 dBm equals 1 milliwatt. A 3 dB increase represents roughly doubling the power, which means that 3 dBm equals roughly 2 mW. For a 3 dB decrease, the power is reduced by about one half, making −3 dBm equal to about 0.5 milliwatt or 500 microwatts.
To express an arbitrary power P in watts as x in dBm, or vice versa, the following equivalent expressions may be used:
and
where P is the power in W and x is the power ratio in dBm. Below is a table summarizing useful cases:
Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.
dBm level | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|
80 dBm | 100 kW | Typical transmission power of FM radio station with Template:Convert range |
62 dBm | 1.588 kW = 1,588 W | 1500 W is the maximum legal power output of a U.S. ham radio station.[3] |
60 dBm | 1 kW = 1,000 W | Typical combined radiated RF power of microwave oven elements |
50 dBm | 100 W | Typical thermal radiation emitted by a human body
Typical maximum output RF power from a ham radio HF transceiver |
40 dBm | 10 W | Typical PLC (Power Line Carrier) transmit power |
37 dBm | 5 W | Typical maximum output RF power from a handheld ham radio VHF/UHF transceiver |
36 dBm | 4 W | Typical maximum output power for a Citizens' band radio station (27 MHz) in many countries |
33 dBm | 2 W | Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 1 mobiles)
Maximum output from a GSM850/900 mobile phone |
30 dBm | 1 W = 1,000 mW | Typical RF leakage from a microwave ovenTemplate:Fact
DCS or GSM 1,800/1,900 MHz mobile phone. EIRP IEEE 802.11a (20 MHz-wide channels) in either 5 GHz Subband 2 (5,470–5,725 MHz) provided that transmitters are also IEEE 802.11h-compliant, or U-NII-3 (5,725–5,825 MHz). The former is EU only, the latter is US only. |
29 dBm | 794 mW | |
28 dBm | 631 mW | |
27 dBm | 500 mW | Typical cellular phone transmission power
Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 2 mobiles) |
26 dBm | 400 mW | |
25 dBm | 316 mW | |
24 dBm | 251 mW | Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 3 mobiles)
1,880–1,900 MHz DECT (250 mW per 1,728 kHz channel). EIRP for Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11a (20 MHz-wide channels) in either the 5 GHz Subband 1 (5,180–5,320 MHz) or U-NII-2 & -W ranges (5,250–5,350 MHz & 5,470–5,725 MHz respectively). The former is EU only, the latter is US only. |
23 dBm | 200 mW | EIRP for IEEE 802.11n Wireless LAN 40 MHz-wide (5 mW/MHz) channels in 5 GHz subband 4 (5,735–5,835 MHz, US only) or 5 GHz subband 2 (5,470–5,725 MHz, EU only). Also applies to 20 MHz-wide (10 mW/MHz) IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN in 5 GHz Subband 1 (5,180–5,320 MHz) if also IEEE 802.11h compliant (otherwise only 3 mW/MHz → 60 mW when unable to dynamically adjust transmission power, and only 1.5 mW/MHz → 30 mW when a transmitter also cannot dynamically select frequency). |
22 dBm | 158 mW | |
21 dBm | 125 mW | Maximum output from a UMTS/3G mobile phone (Power class 4 mobiles) |
20 dBm | 100 mW | EIRP for IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LAN 20 MHz-wide channels in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (5 mW/MHz).
Bluetooth Class 1 radio. Maximum output power from unlicensed AM transmitter per U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules 15.219.[4] |
19 dBm | 79 mW | |
18 dBm | 63 mW | |
17 dBm | 50 mW | |
15 dBm | 32 mW | Typical Wireless LAN transmission power in laptops. |
10 dBm | 10 mW | |
6 dBm | 4.0 mW | |
5 dBm | 3.2 mW | |
4 dBm | 2.5 mW | Bluetooth Class 2 radio, 10 m range |
3 dBm | 2.0 mW | More precisely (to 8 decimal places) 1.9952623 mW |
2 dBm | 1.6 mW | |
1 dBm | 1.3 mW | |
0 dBm | 1.0 mW = 1,000 µW | Bluetooth standard (Class 3) radio, 1 m range |
−1 dBm | 794 µW | |
−3 dBm | 501 µW | |
−5 dBm | 316 µW | |
−10 dBm | 100 µW | Typical maximum received signal power (−10 to −30 dBm) of wireless network |
−20 dBm | 10 µW | |
−30 dBm | 1.0 µW = 1,000 nW | |
−40 dBm | 100 nW | |
−50 dBm | 10 nW | |
−60 dBm | 1.0 nW = 1,000 pW | The Earth receives one nanowatt per square metre from a magnitude +3.5 star[5] |
−70 dBm | 100 pW | |
−73 dBm | 50.12 pW | "S9" signal strength, a strong signal, on the S-meter of a typical ham or shortwave radio receiver |
−80 dBm | 10 pW | Typical range (−70 to −90 dBm) of wireless received signal power over a network (802.11 variants) |
−100 dBm | 0.1 pW | |
−111 dBm | 0.008 pW = 8 fW | Thermal noise floor for commercial GPS single channel signal bandwidth (2 MHz) |
−127.5 dBm | 0.178 fW = 178 aW | Typical received signal power from a GPS satellite |
−174 dBm | 0.004 aW = 4 zW | Thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth at room temperature (20 °C) |
−192.5 dBm | 0.056 zW = 56 yW | Thermal noise floor for 1 Hz bandwidth in outer space (4 kelvins) |
−∞ dBm | 0 W | Zero power is not well-expressed in dBm (value is negative infinity) |
The signal intensity (power per unit area) can be converted to received signal power by multiplying by the square of the wavelength and dividing by 4π (see Free-space path loss).
In United States Department of Defense practice, unweighted measurement is normally understood, applicable to a certain bandwidth, which must be stated or implied.
In European practice, psophometric weighting may be, as indicated by context, equivalent to dBm0p, which is preferred.
In audio, 0 dBm often corresponds to approximately 0.775 Volts, since 0.775 Volts dissipates 1 mW in a 600 Ω load.[6] dBu measures against this reference voltage without the 600 Ω restriction.
The dBm is not a part of the International System of Units and therefore is discouraged from use in documents or systems that adhere to SI units (the corresponding SI unit is the watt). However the straight decibel (dB), being a unitless ratio of two numbers, is perfectly acceptable.[7]
Expression in dBm is typically used for optical and electrical power measurements, not for other types of power (such as thermal). A listing by power levels in watts is available that includes a variety of examples not necessarily related to electrical or optical power.
The dBm was first proposed as an industry standard[6] in the paper "A New Standard Volume Indicator and Reference Level".[8]
See also
References
Template:FS1037C MS188 43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
External links
- ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ FCC Web Documents citing 15.219
- ↑ Radiant Flux of a Magnitude +3.5 Star
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Thompson and Taylor 2008, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication SP811
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