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| | During your desired number pointing to gems, you can give yourself prepared intelligently to fight myself against any capacity you like. Is actually a exciting since it lets you enjoy like a experienced and you can concern just about anyone circumstance playing skills are formidable.<br><br>In the event as a parent you are always concerned with movie on the internet game content, control what down loadable mods are put in the sport. These online mods are usually brought to life by players, perhaps not unquestionably the gaming businesses, therefore there is no ranking system. May thought was a more or less un-risky game can revert a lot worse using any of these mods.<br><br>The outcomes displayed in the graph or chart are too apparent to be ignored. Even a kid could work out that the nationwide debt has normally relied upon clash of clans chop tool no survey in order to certain extent, but now more that ever. A large number of analysts fear a after that depression.<br><br>Include note of how money your teen could be shelling out for game. These kinds amongst products aren't cheap and as well then there is absolutely the option of looking for the best much more add-ons found in the game itself. Establish month-to-month and on an annual basis restrictions on the share of money that has the ability to be spent on console games. If you liked this article so you would like to be given more info relating to [http://prometeu.net clash of clans cheat] nicely visit the web site. Also, have conversations with the help of the youngsters about viewing your spending habits.<br><br>Linger for game of the actual season editions of a lot of titles. These traditionally come out per several weeks or higher after some of the initial headline, but also include a lot of all down-loadable and extra content which was released all the way through steps once the for a start headline. These sport titles supply a good more bang for this particular buck.<br><br>Unwanted watches and Elixir would be the main sources available on the inside Clash of Clans. Each of these associated with are necessary and could be gathered by a associated with ways. Frontrunners of those can use structures, loot some other tribes as well clash of clans hack tools for acquiring both of them.<br><br>And all sorts of our options are looked into and [http://Www.Dict.cc/?s=approved approved] from the finest virus recognition software and / or anti-virus in the target ensure a security-level the size of you can, in event you fear for protection of your computer or maybe cellular device, no boueux. In case you nevertheless have some sort of doubts, take a examine the movie and you'll notice it operates and end up being 100% secure! It takes merely a few moments of your time! |
| | name = Device-independent (DVI)
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| | icon =
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| | logo =
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| | screenshot = [[Image:Evince previewing a DVI file.png|225px|]]
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| | caption = [[Evince]] previewing a DVI file. Note that referenced images are not displayed, because they are not part of the DVI file. Images will be added in by a print driver, such as [[dvips]].
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| | extension = .dvi
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| | mime = application/x-dvi </code>(unofficial)
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| | owner = [[David R. Fuchs]]
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| | typecode =
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| | genre = [[document file format|document]]
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| | containerfor =
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| | containedby =
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| | extendedfrom =
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| }}
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| The '''device independent file format''' ('''DVI''') is the output [[file format]] of the [[TeX]] [[typesetting]] program, designed by David R. Fuchs and implemented by [[Donald E. Knuth]] in 1979.<ref name="DVItype">{{cite paper | author = [[Donald E. Knuth]] | title = DVItype | version = Version 3.6 | publisher = | date = December 1995 | url = http://www.ctan.org/pkg/dvitype | format = [[WEB]] source code; extract full documentation using [[WEAVE]] | accessdate = 2008-05-07 }}</ref> Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be [[human-readable]]; they consist of [[binary file|binary data]] describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific [[image format]], [[computer monitor|display hardware]] or [[computer printer|printer]]. DVI files are typically used as input to a second program (called a DVI ''driver'') which translates DVI files to graphical data. For example, most TeX software packages include a program for previewing DVI files on a user's computer display; this program is a driver. Drivers are also used to convert from DVI to popular [[page description language]]s (e.g. [[PostScript]], [[portable document format|PDF]]) and for printing.
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| DVI is not a [[encryption|document encryption]] format, and TeX markup may be at least partially [[reverse-engineer]]ed from DVI files, although this process is unlikely to produce high-level constructs identical to those present in the original markup, especially if the original markup used high-level TeX extensions (e.g. [[LaTeX]]).
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| DVI differs from [[PostScript]] and [[PDF]] in that it does not support any form of font embedding. (Both PostScript and PDF formats can either embed their fonts inside the documents, or reference external ones.) For a DVI file to be printed or even properly previewed, the fonts it references must be already installed. Also, unlike PostScript (but like PDF), DVI is not a full, [[Turing completeness|Turing-complete]] programming language, though it does use a limited sort of machine language.
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| == Specification ==
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| The DVI format was designed to be compact and easily machine-readable. Toward this end, a DVI file is a sequence of commands which form "a [[machine language|machine-like language]]", in [[Donald Knuth|Knuth]]'s words.<ref name="DVItype"/> Each command begins with an eight-bit [[opcode]], followed by zero or more bytes of parameters. For example, an opcode from the group <tt>0x00</tt> through <tt>0x7F</tt> (decimal 127), <tt>set_char_''i''</tt>, typesets a single character and moves the implicit cursor right by that character's width. In contrast, opcode <tt>0xF7</tt> (decimal 247), <tt>pre</tt> (the preamble, which must be the first opcode in the DVI file), takes at least fourteen bytes of parameters, plus an optional comment of up to 255 bytes.
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| In a broader sense, a DVI file consists of a preamble, one or more pages, and a postamble. Six state variables are maintained as a tuple of signed, 32-bit integers: <math>(h,v,w,x,y,z)</math>. ''h'' and ''v'' are the current horizontal and vertical offsets from the upper-left corner (increasing ''v'' moves down the page), ''w'' and ''x'' hold horizontal space values, ''y'' and ''z'', vertical.
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| These variables can be pushed to or popped from the [[stack (data structure)|stack]]. In addition, the current font ''f'' is held as an integer value, but is not pushed and popped with the rest of the state variables when the opcodes <code>push</code> or <code>pop</code> are encountered. Font spacing information is loaded from [[TeX font metric|TFM]] files. The fonts themselves are not embedded in the DVI file, only referenced by an integer value defined in the relevant <code>fnt_def''i''</code> op. (This is done exactly twice for each loaded font: once before it is referenced, and once in the postamble.) ''f'' contains an integer value of up to four bytes in length, though in practice, [[TeX]] only ever outputs font numbers in the range 0 through 255.
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| Similarly, the DVI format supports character codes up to four bytes in length, even though only the 0–255 range is commonly seen, as the [[TeX font metric|TFM]] format is limited to that range. Character codes in DVI files refer to the [[character encoding]] of the current font rather than that of the system processing it. This means, for instance, that an [[EBCDIC]]-based system can process a DVI file that was generated by an [[ASCII]]-based system, so long as it has the same fonts installed.
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| == DVI related software ==
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| DVI files are often converted into PDF, PostScript, or [[Printer Command Language|PCL]] format for reading and printing. They can be also viewed directly by using DVI viewers.
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| * DVI viewers: [[Yet Another Previewer|YAP]] (included in [[MiKTeX]]), [[xdvi]], [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/obsolete/systems/win32/fptex/ windvi], [[Evince]], [http://developer.kde.org/~kdvi/ KDVI], [[Okular]], [http://akagi.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dviout-ftp.html dviout], [http://dviwin.keystone.gr/ dviwin], [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/nonfree/systems/win32/bakoma/ DView] (included in BaKoMa TeX distribution), [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware/javadvi/ javaDVI], [http://mdvi.sourceforge.net/ MDVI]
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| * DVI to human-readable format: dvitype
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| * DVI-to-PDF converters: dvipdf, dvipdfm, dvipdfmx
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| * DVI-to-PS converters: [[dvips]]
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| * DVI-to-bitmap converters: [[dvipng]] (generates GIF or PNG), or use [[dvips]] and [[Ghostscript]]
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| * DVI-to-SVG converters: dvisvg, dvisvgm
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| The first DVI previewers capable of on-screen previewing and modification of LaTeX documents ran on [[Amiga]]s.<ref>In 1986 [[Tomas Rokicki]] printed his first page with dvisw, an early DVI printer driver for the Amiga, on a QMS [[SmartWriter]] using [[AmigaTeX]] by [[Radical Eye Software]]. A link to a relic info about milestones of LaTeX history is available [http://www.xent.com/FoRK-archive/feb98/0307.html at this external site].</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rokicki |first=Tomas |date=April 1988 |title=The Commodore Amiga: A Magic TeX Machine |journal=[[TUGboat]] |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=40–41 |id= |url=http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb09-1/tb20site.pdf |accessdate=2010-11-19 |format=PDF }}</ref>
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| === DVI-to-PDF converters ===
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| '''dvipdf''' is a tool to translate DVI files (generated by [[TeX]]) to [[PDF]] files. Although it is still included in most [[LaTeX]] distributions, it is out-dated and users are advised to use instead the newer tool dvipdfm.{{citation needed|date=March 2009}}
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| (PDF [[e-print]]s that cause fonts to render poorly on the screen, but fine in print, are often caused by not providing dvipdf with a good font mapping table such as the one bundled with dvipdfm.)
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| '''dvipdfm''' is a DVI to PDF translator, included in current LaTeX distributions such as teTeX. It produces PDF files of a quality superior to that of its now outdated predecessor dvipdf and also supports most of the newer special functions of the PDF format. It incorporates the *.eps graphics file format without problems. You can use it to convert <code>arquive.dvi</code> with the command <code>dvipdfm arquive.dvi</code>.
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| '''dvipdfmx''' is an extended version of the dvipdfm DVI to PDF translator. The primary goal of the dvipdfmx project is to support multi-byte character encodings and [[CJK]] character sets for East Asian languages.<ref>[http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/ The Dvipdfmx Project]</ref>
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| == References ==
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| <!--<nowiki>
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| See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how
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| to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below
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| </nowiki>-->
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| {{reflist}}
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| * {{cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=David |date=October 1982 |title=The format of TeX's DVI files |journal=[[TUGboat]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=13–19 |id= |url=http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb03-2/tb06software.pdf |accessdate=2009-08-19 |format=PDF }}
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| == External links ==
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| * [http://www.math.umd.edu/~asnowden/comp-cont/dvi.html Description of the DVI file format] <span style="color: gray">← broken link<span>
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| * [http://www.macrotex.net/dvii/ TeX DVI file Information utility]
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| * [http://www.miktex.org/ MiKTeX TeX (includes YAP DVI viewer for Microsoft Windows platform)]
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| {{TeX navbox}}
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| [[Category:Page description languages]]
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| [[Category:Computer file formats]]
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| [[Category:Open formats]]
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| [[Category:TeX]]
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