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== Timberland Antwerpen Openingsuren A ==
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2012}}
{{Infobox Algorithm|class=[[Sorting algorithm]]
|image=[[Image:Sorting heapsort anim.gif|none|A run of the heapsort algorithm sorting an array of randomly permuted values. In the first stage of the algorithm  array elements are reordered to satisfy the [[Heap (data structure)|heap property]]. Before the actual sorting takes place, the heap tree structure is shown briefly for illustration.]]</small>A run of the heapsort algorithm sorting an array of randomly permuted values. In the first stage of the algorithm the array elements are reordered to satisfy the [[Heap (data structure)|heap property]]. Before the actual sorting takes place, the heap tree structure is shown briefly for illustration.</small>
|data=[[Array data structure|Array]]
|time=<math>O(n\text{ }\log\text{ }n)</math>
|average-time=<math>O(n\text{ }\log\text{ }n)</math>
|best-time=<math>\Omega(n), O(n\text{ }\log\text{ }n)</math><ref>http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1993.1031</ref>
|space=<math>O(1)</math> auxiliary
|optimal=Never
}}
'''Heapsort''' is a [[comparison sort|comparison-based]] [[sorting algorithm]] to create a [[sorted array]] (or list), and is part of the [[selection sort]] family. Although somewhat slower in practice on most machines than a well-implemented [[quicksort]], it has the advantage of a more favorable worst-case [[big O notation|O]](''n'' log ''n'') runtime.  Heapsort is an [[in-place algorithm]], but it is not a [[stable sort]]. It was invented by [[J. W. J. Williams]] in 1964.<ref>{{harvnb|Williams|1964}}</ref>


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== Overview ==
The heapsort algorithm can be divided into two parts.
 
In the first step, a [[Heap (data structure)|heap]] is [[Binary heap#Building a heap|built]] out of the data.
 
In the second step, a sorted array is created by repeatedly removing the largest element from the heap, and inserting it into the array. The heap is reconstructed after each removal. Once all objects have been removed from the heap, we have a sorted array. The direction of the sorted elements can be varied by choosing a min-heap or max-heap in step one.
 
Heapsort can be performed in place. The array can be split into two parts, the sorted array and the heap. The storage of heaps as arrays is diagrammed [[Binary heap#Heap implementation|here]]. The heap's invariant is preserved after each extraction, so the only cost is that of extraction.
 
== Variations ==
*The most important variation to the simple variant is an improvement by [[Robert Floyd|R. W. Floyd]] that, in practice, gives about a 25% speed improvement by using only one comparison in each [[Binary heap#Insert|siftup]] run, which must be followed by a [[Binary heap#Delete|siftdown]] for the original child. Moreover, it is more elegant to formulate. Heapsort's natural way of indexing works on indices from 1 up to the number of items. Therefore the start address of the data should be shifted such that this logic can be implemented avoiding unnecessary +/- 1 offsets in the coded algorithm. The worst-case number of comparisons during the Floyd's heap-construction phase of Heapsort is known to be equal to 2N − 2s<sub>2</sub>(N) − e<sub>2</sub>(N), where s<sub>2</sub>(N) is the sum of all digits of the binary representation of N and e<sub>2</sub>(N) is the exponent of 2 in the prime factorization of N.<ref>{{citation
| last1 = Suchenek | first1 = Marek A.
| title = Elementary Yet Precise Worst-Case Analysis of Floyd's Heap-Construction Program
| doi = 10.3233/FI-2012-751
| pages = 75–92
| publisher = IOS Press
| journal = Fundamenta Informaticae
| volume = 120
| issue = 1
| year = 2012
| url = http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ios-press/elementary-yet-precise-worst-case-analysis-of-floyd-s-heap-50NW30HMxU}}.</ref>
*[[Ternary heapsort]]<ref>"Data Structures Using Pascal", 1991, page 405, gives a ternary heapsort as a student exercise. "Write a sorting routine similar to the heapsort except that it uses a ternary heap."</ref> uses a ternary heap instead of a binary heap; that is, each element in the heap has three children. It is more complicated to program, but does a constant number of times fewer swap and comparison operations. This is because each step in the shift operation of a ternary heap requires three comparisons and one swap, whereas in a binary heap two comparisons and one swap are required. The ternary heap does two steps in less time than the binary heap requires for three steps, which multiplies the index by a factor of 9 instead of the factor 8 of three binary steps. Ternary heapsort is about 12% faster than the simple variant of binary heapsort.{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}}
*The '''[[smoothsort]]''' algorithm<ref>http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd07xx/EWD796a.PDF</ref><ref>http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/EWD07xx/EWD796a.html</ref> is a variation of heapsort developed by [[Edsger W. Dijkstra|Edsger Dijkstra]] in 1981. Like heapsort, smoothsort's upper bound is [[Big O notation|O]](''n'' log&nbsp;''n''). The advantage of smoothsort is that it comes closer to O(''n'') time if the [[Adaptive sort|input is already sorted to some degree]], whereas heapsort averages O(''n'' log&nbsp;''n'') regardless of the initial sorted state. Due to its complexity, smoothsort is rarely used.
*Levcopoulos and Petersson<ref>{{citation
| last1 = Levcopoulos | first1 = Christos
| last2 = Petersson | first2 = Ola
| contribution = Heapsort - Adapted for Presorted Files
| doi = 10.1007/3-540-51542-9_41
| location = London, UK
| pages = 499–509
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| series = Lecture Notes in Computer Science
| title = WADS '89: Proceedings of the Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures
| volume = 382
| year = 1989}}.</ref> describe a variation of heapsort based on a [[Cartesian tree]] that does not add an element to the heap until smaller values on both sides of it have already been included in the sorted output. As they show, this modification can allow the algorithm to sort more quickly than O(''n''&nbsp;log&nbsp;''n'') for inputs that are already nearly sorted.
 
== Comparison with other sorts ==
Heapsort primarily competes with [[quicksort]], another very efficient general purpose nearly-in-place comparison-based sort algorithm.
 
Quicksort is typically somewhat faster due to some factors, but the worst-case running time for quicksort is [[Big O notation|O]](''n''<sup>2</sup>), which is unacceptable for large data sets and can be deliberately triggered given enough knowledge of the implementation, creating a security risk. See [[quicksort]] for a detailed discussion of this problem and possible solutions.
 
Thus, because of the O(''n'' log ''n'') upper bound on heapsort's running time and constant upper bound on its auxiliary storage, embedded systems with real-time constraints or systems concerned with security often use heapsort.
 
Heapsort also competes with [[merge sort]], which has the same time bounds. Merge sort requires Ω(n) auxiliary space, but heapsort requires only a constant amount. Heapsort typically runs faster in practice on machines with small or slow [[data cache]]s. On the other hand, merge sort has several advantages over heapsort:
* Merge sort on arrays has considerably better data cache performance, often outperforming heapsort on modern desktop computers because merge sort frequently accesses contiguous memory locations (good [[locality of reference]]); heapsort references are spread throughout the heap.
* Heapsort is not a [[stable sort]]; merge sort is stable.
* Merge sort [[parallel algorithm|parallelizes]] well and can achieve close to [[linear speedup]] with a trivial implementation; heapsort is not an obvious candidate for a parallel algorithm.
* Merge sort can be adapted to operate on [[linked list]]s with O(1) extra space. Heapsort can be adapted to operate on doubly linked lists with only O(1) extra space overhead.{{Citation needed|date=June 2012}}
* Merge sort is used in [[external sorting]]; heapsort is not. Locality of reference is the issue.
 
[[Introsort]] is an alternative to heapsort that combines quicksort and heapsort to retain advantages of both: worst case speed of heapsort and average speed of quicksort.
 
== Pseudocode ==
 
The following is the "simple" way to implement the algorithm in [[pseudocode]]. Arrays are '''[[Comparison of programming languages (array)|zero-based]]''' and ''swap'' is used to exchange two elements of the array. Movement 'down' means from the root towards the leaves, or from lower indices to higher. Note that during the sort, the largest element is at the root of the heap at a[0], while at the end of the sort, the largest element is in a[end].
 
'''function''' heapsort(a, count) '''is'''
    '''input:''' an unordered array ''a'' of length ''count''
    
    
  <li>[http://nanshan.in/ns/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=97275&fromuid=15223 http://nanshan.in/ns/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=97275&fromuid=15223]</li>
    heapify(a, count)
    (: The following loop maintains the [[Loop invariant|invariants]] that a[0:end] is a heap and every element
      : beyond end is greater than everything before it (so a[end:count] is in sorted order).
      :)
    end ← count - 1
    '''while''' end > 0 '''do'''
        swap(a[end], a[0])
        end ← end - 1
        siftDown(a, 0, end)         
    
    
   <li>[http://bbs.hai90.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=128705&fromuid=25284 http://bbs.hai90.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=128705&fromuid=25284]</li>
(: Put elements of a in heap order, in-place :)
'''function''' heapify(a, count) '''is'''
    ''(start is assigned the index in a of the last parent node)''
    start ← (count - 2 ) / 2
   
    '''while''' start ≥ 0 '''do'''
        ''(sift down the node at index start to the proper place such that all nodes below''
        '' the start index are in heap order)''
        siftDown(a, start, count-1)
        start ← start - 1
    ''(after sifting down the root all nodes/elements are in heap order)''
'''function''' siftDown(a, start, end) '''is'''
    root ← start
    '''while''' root * 2 + 1 ≤ end '''do'''   (: While the root has at least one child :)
        child ← root * 2 + 1      (: left child :)
        swap ← root                (: keeps track of child to swap with :)
        '''if''' a[swap] < a[child]
            swap ← child
        '''if''' child+1 ≤ end '''and''' a[swap] < a[child+1]
            swap ← child + 1
        '''if''' swap ≠ root
            swap(a[root], a[swap])
            root ← swap            (: repeat to continue sifting down the child now :)
        '''else'''
            '''return'''
 
The heapify function can be thought of as building a heap from the bottom up, successively shifting downward to establish the [[Heap (data structure)|heap property]]. An alternative version (shown below) that builds the heap top-down and sifts upward may be conceptually simpler to grasp. This "siftUp" version can be visualized as starting with an empty heap and successively inserting elements, whereas the "siftDown" version given above treats the entire input array as a full, "broken" heap and "repairs" it starting from the last non-trivial sub-heap (that is, the last parent node).
 
[[File:Binary heap bottomup vs topdown.svg|thumb|right|Difference in time complexity between the "siftDown" version and the "siftUp" version.]]
Also, the "siftDown" version of heapify [[Binary heap#Building a heap|has {{math|''O''(''n'')}} time complexity]], while the "siftUp" version given below has {{math|''O''(''n'' log ''n'')}} time complexity due to its equivalence with inserting each element, one at a time, into an empty heap.<ref>{{cite web|title=Priority Queues|url=http://faculty.simpson.edu/lydia.sinapova/www/cmsc250/LN250_Weiss/L10-PQueues.htm|accessdate=24 May 2011}}</ref>
This may seem counter-intuitive since, at a glance, it is apparent that the former only makes half as many calls to its logarithmic-time sifting function as the latter; i.e., they seem to differ only by a constant factor, which never has an impact on asymptotic analysis.
 
To grasp the intuition behind this difference in complexity, note that the number of swaps that may occur during any one siftUp call ''increases'' with the depth of the node on which the call is made. The crux is that there are many (exponentially many) more "deep" nodes than there are "shallow" nodes in a heap, so that siftUp may have its full logarithmic running-time on the approximately linear number of calls made on the nodes at or near the "bottom" of the heap. On the other hand, the number of swaps that may occur during any one siftDown call ''decreases'' as the depth of the node on which the call is made increases. Thus, when the "siftDown" heapify begins and is calling siftDown on the bottom and most numerous node-layers, each sifting call will incur, at most, a number of swaps equal to the "height" (from the bottom of the heap) of the node on which the sifting call is made. In other words, about half the calls to siftDown will have at most only one swap, then about a quarter of the calls will have at most two swaps, etc.
 
The heapsort algorithm itself has {{math|''O''(''n'' log ''n'')}} time complexity using either version of heapify.
 
  '''function''' heapify(a,count) is
      ''(end is assigned the index of the first (left) child of the root)''
      end := 1
     
      '''while''' end < count
          ''(sift up the node at index end to the proper place such that all nodes above''
          '' the end index are in heap order)''
          siftUp(a, 0, end)
          end := end + 1
      ''(after sifting up the last node all nodes are in heap order)''
    
    
  <li>[http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article64#forum18114584 http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article64#forum18114584]</li>
  '''function''' siftUp(a, start, end) '''is'''
 
      '''input: ''' ''start represents the limit of how far up the heap to sift.''
  <li>[http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article64#forum18114792 http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article64#forum18114792]</li>
                    ''end is the node to sift up.''
 
      child := end
  <li>[http://forum.czstudio.info/viewtopic.php?pid=551954#p551954 http://forum.czstudio.info/viewtopic.php?pid=551954#p551954]</li>
      '''while''' child > start
    
          parent := floor((child - 1) / 2)
</ul>
          '''if''' a[parent] < a[child] '''then''' ''(out of max-heap order)''
              swap(a[parent], a[child])
              child := parent ''(repeat to continue sifting up the parent now)''
          '''else'''
              '''return'''
 
== Example ==
Let { 6, 5, 3, 1, 8, 7, 2, 4 } be the list that we want to sort from the smallest to the largest. (NOTE, for 'Building the Heap' step: Larger nodes don't stay below smaller node parents. They are swapped with parents, and then recursively checked if another swap is needed, to keep larger numbers above smaller numbers on the heap binary tree.)
[[File:Heapsort-example.gif|350px|thumb|right|An example on heapsort.]]
'''1. Build the heap'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heap !! newly added element !! swap elements
|-
| nil || 6 || 
|-
| 6 || 5 || 
|-
| 6, 5 || 3 || 
|-
| 6, 5, 3 || 1 || 
|-
| 6, 5, 3, 1 || 8 || 
|-
| 6, '''5''', 3, 1, '''8 '''||  || 5, 8
|-
| '''6''', '''8''', 3, 1, 5 ||  || 6, 8
|-
| 8, 6, 3, 1, 5 || 7 || 
|-
| 8, 6, '''3''', 1, 5, '''7''' ||  || 3, 7
|-
| 8, 6, 7, 1, 5, 3 || 2 || 
|-
| 8, 6, 7, 1, 5, 3, 2 || 4 || 
|-
| 8, 6, 7, '''1''', 5, 3, 2, '''4''' ||  || 1, 4
|-
| 8, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1 ||  || 
|}
 
'''2. Sorting.'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Heap !! swap elements !! delete element !! sorted array !! details
|-
| '''8''', 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2, '''1''' || 8, 1 ||  ||  || swap 8 and 1 in order to delete 8 from heap
|-
| 1, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2, '''8''' ||  || 8 ||  || delete 8 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''1''', 6, '''7''', 4, 5, 3, 2 || 1, 7 ||  || 8 || swap 1 and 7 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| 7, 6, '''1''', 4, 5, '''3''', 2 || 1, 3 ||  || 8 || swap 1 and 3 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| '''7''', 6, 3, 4, 5, 1, '''2''' || 7, 2 ||  || 8 || swap 7 and 2 in order to delete 7 from heap
|-
| 2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 1, '''7''' ||  || 7 || 8 || delete 7 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''2''', '''6''', 3, 4, 5, 1 || 2, 6 ||  || 7, 8 || swap 2 and 6 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| 6, '''2''', 3, 4, '''5''', 1 || 2, 5 ||  || 7, 8 || swap 2 and 5 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| '''6''', 5, 3, 4, 2, '''1'''|| 6, 1 ||  || 7, 8 || swap 6 and 1 in order to delete 6 from heap
|-
| 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, '''6''' ||  || 6 || 7, 8 || delete 6 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''1''', '''5''', 3, 4, 2 || 1, 5 ||  || 6, 7, 8 || swap 1 and 5 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| 5, '''1''', 3, '''4''', 2 || 1, 4 ||  || 6, 7, 8 || swap 1 and 4 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| '''5''', 4, 3, 1, '''2''' || 5, 2 ||  || 6, 7, 8 || swap 5 and 2 in order to delete 5 from heap
|-
| 2, 4, 3, 1, '''5''' ||  || 5 || 6, 7, 8 || delete 5 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''2''', '''4''', 3, 1 || 2, 4 ||  || 5, 6, 7, 8 || swap 2 and 4 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| '''4''', 2, 3, '''1''' || 4, 1 ||  || 5, 6, 7, 8 || swap 4 and 1 in order to delete 4 from heap
|-
| 1, 2, 3, '''4''' ||  || 4 || 5, 6, 7, 8 || delete 4 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''1''', 2, '''3''' || 1, 3 ||  || 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || swap 1 and 3 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| '''3''', 2, '''1''' || 3, 1 ||  || 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || swap 3 and 1 in order to delete 3 from heap
|-
| 1, 2, '''3''' ||  || 3 || 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || delete 3 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''1''', '''2''' || 1, 2 ||  || 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || swap 1 and 2 as they are not in order in the heap
|-
| '''2''', '''1''' || 2, 1 ||  || 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || swap 2 and 1 in order to delete 2 from heap
|-
| 1, '''2''' ||  || 2 || 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || delete 2 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
| '''1''' ||  || 1 || 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || delete 1 from heap and add to sorted array
|-
|  ||  ||   || 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 || completed
|}


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== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}


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== References ==
 
* {{Citation |first=J. W. J. |last=Williams |author-link=J. W. J. Williams |title=Algorithm 232 - Heapsort |year=1964 |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=347–348 |doi= }}
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* {{Citation |first=Robert W. |last=Floyd |author-link=Robert W. Floyd |title=Algorithm 245 - Treesort 3 |year=1964 |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=7 |issue=12 |page=701 |doi= }}
 
* {{Citation |first=Svante |last=Carlsson |author-link=Svante Carlsson |title=Average-case results on heapsort |year=1987 |journal=BIT |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=2–17 |doi= }}
  <li>[http://bbs.hai90.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=128419&fromuid=36395 http://bbs.hai90.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=128419&fromuid=36395]</li>
* {{Citation |first=Donald |last=Knuth |author-link=Donald Knuth |series=[[The Art of Computer Programming]] |volume=3 |title=Sorting and Searching |edition=third |publisher=Addison-Wesley |year=1997 |isbn=0-201-89685-0 |pages=144–155 |contribution=&sect;5.2.3, Sorting by Selection }}
 
* [[Thomas H. Cormen]], [[Charles E. Leiserson]], [[Ronald L. Rivest]], and [[Clifford Stein]]. ''[[Introduction to Algorithms]]'', Second Edition. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 2001. ISBN 0-262-03293-7. Chapters 6 and 7 Respectively: Heapsort and Priority Queues
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* [http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd07xx/EWD796a.PDF A PDF of Dijkstra's original paper on Smoothsort]
 
* [http://cis.stvincent.edu/html/tutorials/swd/heaps/heaps.html Heaps and Heapsort Tutorial] by David Carlson, St. Vincent College
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== External links ==
{{wikibooks|Algorithm implementation|Sorting/Heapsort|Heapsort}}
* [http://www.sorting-algorithms.com/heap-sort Animated Sorting Algorithms: Heap Sort] – graphical demonstration and discussion of heap sort
* [http://olli.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de/heapsort_SALA/english/start.html Courseware on Heapsort from Univ. Oldenburg] - With text, animations and interactive exercises
* [http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/heapSort.html NIST's Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures: Heapsort]
* [http://www.codecodex.com/wiki/Heapsort Heapsort implemented in 12 languages]
* [http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/sort.html Sorting revisited] by Paul Hsieh
* [http://coderaptors.com/?HeapSort A color graphical Java applet] that allows experimentation with initial state and shows statistics
* [http://employees.oneonta.edu/zhangs/powerPointPlatform/index.php A PowerPoint presentation demonstrating how Heap sort works] that is for educators.
* [http://opendatastructures.org/versions/edition-0.1e/ods-java/11_1_Comparison_Based_Sorti.html#SECTION001413000000000000000 Open Data Structures - Section 11.1.3 - Heap-Sort]


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[[Category:Sorting algorithms]]
[[Category:Comparison sorts]]
[[Category:Heaps (data structures)]]
[[Category:Articles with example pseudocode]]


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Revision as of 04:49, 4 February 2014

30 year-old Entertainer or Range Artist Wesley from Drumheller, really loves vehicle, property developers properties for sale in singapore singapore and horse racing. Finds inspiration by traveling to Works of Antoni Gaudí. Template:Infobox Algorithm Heapsort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm to create a sorted array (or list), and is part of the selection sort family. Although somewhat slower in practice on most machines than a well-implemented quicksort, it has the advantage of a more favorable worst-case O(n log n) runtime. Heapsort is an in-place algorithm, but it is not a stable sort. It was invented by J. W. J. Williams in 1964.[1]

Overview

The heapsort algorithm can be divided into two parts.

In the first step, a heap is built out of the data.

In the second step, a sorted array is created by repeatedly removing the largest element from the heap, and inserting it into the array. The heap is reconstructed after each removal. Once all objects have been removed from the heap, we have a sorted array. The direction of the sorted elements can be varied by choosing a min-heap or max-heap in step one.

Heapsort can be performed in place. The array can be split into two parts, the sorted array and the heap. The storage of heaps as arrays is diagrammed here. The heap's invariant is preserved after each extraction, so the only cost is that of extraction.

Variations

  • The most important variation to the simple variant is an improvement by R. W. Floyd that, in practice, gives about a 25% speed improvement by using only one comparison in each siftup run, which must be followed by a siftdown for the original child. Moreover, it is more elegant to formulate. Heapsort's natural way of indexing works on indices from 1 up to the number of items. Therefore the start address of the data should be shifted such that this logic can be implemented avoiding unnecessary +/- 1 offsets in the coded algorithm. The worst-case number of comparisons during the Floyd's heap-construction phase of Heapsort is known to be equal to 2N − 2s2(N) − e2(N), where s2(N) is the sum of all digits of the binary representation of N and e2(N) is the exponent of 2 in the prime factorization of N.[2]
  • Ternary heapsort[3] uses a ternary heap instead of a binary heap; that is, each element in the heap has three children. It is more complicated to program, but does a constant number of times fewer swap and comparison operations. This is because each step in the shift operation of a ternary heap requires three comparisons and one swap, whereas in a binary heap two comparisons and one swap are required. The ternary heap does two steps in less time than the binary heap requires for three steps, which multiplies the index by a factor of 9 instead of the factor 8 of three binary steps. Ternary heapsort is about 12% faster than the simple variant of binary heapsort.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.
  • The smoothsort algorithm[4][5] is a variation of heapsort developed by Edsger Dijkstra in 1981. Like heapsort, smoothsort's upper bound is O(n log n). The advantage of smoothsort is that it comes closer to O(n) time if the input is already sorted to some degree, whereas heapsort averages O(n log n) regardless of the initial sorted state. Due to its complexity, smoothsort is rarely used.
  • Levcopoulos and Petersson[6] describe a variation of heapsort based on a Cartesian tree that does not add an element to the heap until smaller values on both sides of it have already been included in the sorted output. As they show, this modification can allow the algorithm to sort more quickly than O(n log n) for inputs that are already nearly sorted.

Comparison with other sorts

Heapsort primarily competes with quicksort, another very efficient general purpose nearly-in-place comparison-based sort algorithm.

Quicksort is typically somewhat faster due to some factors, but the worst-case running time for quicksort is O(n2), which is unacceptable for large data sets and can be deliberately triggered given enough knowledge of the implementation, creating a security risk. See quicksort for a detailed discussion of this problem and possible solutions.

Thus, because of the O(n log n) upper bound on heapsort's running time and constant upper bound on its auxiliary storage, embedded systems with real-time constraints or systems concerned with security often use heapsort.

Heapsort also competes with merge sort, which has the same time bounds. Merge sort requires Ω(n) auxiliary space, but heapsort requires only a constant amount. Heapsort typically runs faster in practice on machines with small or slow data caches. On the other hand, merge sort has several advantages over heapsort:

  • Merge sort on arrays has considerably better data cache performance, often outperforming heapsort on modern desktop computers because merge sort frequently accesses contiguous memory locations (good locality of reference); heapsort references are spread throughout the heap.
  • Heapsort is not a stable sort; merge sort is stable.
  • Merge sort parallelizes well and can achieve close to linear speedup with a trivial implementation; heapsort is not an obvious candidate for a parallel algorithm.
  • Merge sort can be adapted to operate on linked lists with O(1) extra space. Heapsort can be adapted to operate on doubly linked lists with only O(1) extra space overhead.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.
  • Merge sort is used in external sorting; heapsort is not. Locality of reference is the issue.

Introsort is an alternative to heapsort that combines quicksort and heapsort to retain advantages of both: worst case speed of heapsort and average speed of quicksort.

Pseudocode

The following is the "simple" way to implement the algorithm in pseudocode. Arrays are zero-based and swap is used to exchange two elements of the array. Movement 'down' means from the root towards the leaves, or from lower indices to higher. Note that during the sort, the largest element is at the root of the heap at a[0], while at the end of the sort, the largest element is in a[end].

function heapsort(a, count) is
    input: an unordered array a of length count
 
    heapify(a, count)

    (: The following loop maintains the invariants that a[0:end] is a heap and every element
     : beyond end is greater than everything before it (so a[end:count] is in sorted order).
     :)
    end ← count - 1
    while end > 0 do
        swap(a[end], a[0])
        end ← end - 1
        siftDown(a, 0, end)          
 
(: Put elements of a in heap order, in-place :)
function heapify(a, count) is
    (start is assigned the index in a of the last parent node)
    start ← (count - 2 ) / 2
    
    while start ≥ 0 do
        (sift down the node at index start to the proper place such that all nodes below
         the start index are in heap order)
        siftDown(a, start, count-1)
        start ← start - 1
    (after sifting down the root all nodes/elements are in heap order)

function siftDown(a, start, end) is
    root ← start

    while root * 2 + 1 ≤ end do    (: While the root has at least one child :)
        child ← root * 2 + 1       (: left child :)
        swap ← root                (: keeps track of child to swap with :)

        if a[swap] < a[child]
            swap ← child
        if child+1 ≤ end and a[swap] < a[child+1]
            swap ← child + 1
        if swap ≠ root
            swap(a[root], a[swap])
            root ← swap            (: repeat to continue sifting down the child now :)
        else
            return

The heapify function can be thought of as building a heap from the bottom up, successively shifting downward to establish the heap property. An alternative version (shown below) that builds the heap top-down and sifts upward may be conceptually simpler to grasp. This "siftUp" version can be visualized as starting with an empty heap and successively inserting elements, whereas the "siftDown" version given above treats the entire input array as a full, "broken" heap and "repairs" it starting from the last non-trivial sub-heap (that is, the last parent node).

Difference in time complexity between the "siftDown" version and the "siftUp" version.

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Another method by way of which you could find out whether the agent is sweet is by checking the feedback, of the shoppers, on the website. There are various individuals would publish their comments on the web site of the Singapore property agent. You can take a look at these feedback and the see whether it will be clever to hire that specific Singapore property agent. You may even get in contact with the developer immediately. Many Singapore property brokers know the developers and you may confirm the goodwill of the agent by asking the developer. time complexity
, while the "siftUp" version given below has Buying, selling and renting HDB and personal residential properties in Singapore are simple and transparent transactions. Although you are not required to engage a real property salesperson (generally often known as a "public listed property developers In singapore agent") to complete these property transactions, chances are you'll think about partaking one if you are not accustomed to the processes concerned.

Professional agents are readily available once you need to discover an condominium for hire in singapore In some cases, landlords will take into account you more favourably in case your agent comes to them than for those who tried to method them by yourself. You need to be careful, nevertheless, as you resolve in your agent. Ensure that the agent you are contemplating working with is registered with the IEA – Institute of Estate Brokers. Whereas it might sound a hassle to you, will probably be worth it in the end. The IEA works by an ordinary algorithm and regulations, so you'll protect yourself in opposition to probably going with a rogue agent who prices you more than they should for his or her service in finding you an residence for lease in singapore.

There isn't any deal too small. Property agents who are keen to find time for any deal even if the commission is small are the ones you want on your aspect. Additionally they present humbleness and might relate with the typical Singaporean higher. Relentlessly pursuing any deal, calling prospects even without being prompted. Even if they get rejected a hundred times, they still come again for more. These are the property brokers who will find consumers what they need eventually, and who would be the most successful in what they do. 4. Honesty and Integrity

This feature is suitable for you who need to get the tax deductions out of your PIC scheme to your property agency firm. It's endorsed that you visit the correct site for filling this tax return software. This utility must be submitted at the very least yearly to report your whole tax and tax return that you're going to receive in the current accounting 12 months. There may be an official website for this tax filling procedure. Filling this tax return software shouldn't be a tough thing to do for all business homeowners in Singapore.

A wholly owned subsidiary of SLP Worldwide, SLP Realty houses 900 associates to service SLP's fast rising portfolio of residential tasks. Real estate is a human-centric trade. Apart from offering comprehensive coaching applications for our associates, SLP Realty puts equal emphasis on creating human capabilities and creating sturdy teamwork throughout all ranges of our organisational hierarchy. Worldwide Presence At SLP International, our staff of execs is pushed to make sure our shoppers meet their enterprise and investment targets. Under is an inventory of some notable shoppers from completely different industries and markets, who've entrusted their real estate must the expertise of SLP Worldwide.

If you're looking for a real estate or Singapore property agent online, you merely need to belief your instinct. It is because you don't know which agent is sweet and which agent will not be. Carry out research on a number of brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you find yourself certain that a selected agent is dependable and trustworthy, you'll be able to choose to utilize his partnerise find you a house in Singapore. More often than not, a property agent is considered to be good if she or he places the contact data on his web site. This is able to imply that the agent does not thoughts you calling them and asking them any questions regarding properties in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them of their office after taking an appointment.

Another method by way of which you could find out whether the agent is sweet is by checking the feedback, of the shoppers, on the website. There are various individuals would publish their comments on the web site of the Singapore property agent. You can take a look at these feedback and the see whether it will be clever to hire that specific Singapore property agent. You may even get in contact with the developer immediately. Many Singapore property brokers know the developers and you may confirm the goodwill of the agent by asking the developer. time complexity due to its equivalence with inserting each element, one at a time, into an empty heap.[7] This may seem counter-intuitive since, at a glance, it is apparent that the former only makes half as many calls to its logarithmic-time sifting function as the latter; i.e., they seem to differ only by a constant factor, which never has an impact on asymptotic analysis.

To grasp the intuition behind this difference in complexity, note that the number of swaps that may occur during any one siftUp call increases with the depth of the node on which the call is made. The crux is that there are many (exponentially many) more "deep" nodes than there are "shallow" nodes in a heap, so that siftUp may have its full logarithmic running-time on the approximately linear number of calls made on the nodes at or near the "bottom" of the heap. On the other hand, the number of swaps that may occur during any one siftDown call decreases as the depth of the node on which the call is made increases. Thus, when the "siftDown" heapify begins and is calling siftDown on the bottom and most numerous node-layers, each sifting call will incur, at most, a number of swaps equal to the "height" (from the bottom of the heap) of the node on which the sifting call is made. In other words, about half the calls to siftDown will have at most only one swap, then about a quarter of the calls will have at most two swaps, etc.

The heapsort algorithm itself has Buying, selling and renting HDB and personal residential properties in Singapore are simple and transparent transactions. Although you are not required to engage a real property salesperson (generally often known as a "public listed property developers In singapore agent") to complete these property transactions, chances are you'll think about partaking one if you are not accustomed to the processes concerned.

Professional agents are readily available once you need to discover an condominium for hire in singapore In some cases, landlords will take into account you more favourably in case your agent comes to them than for those who tried to method them by yourself. You need to be careful, nevertheless, as you resolve in your agent. Ensure that the agent you are contemplating working with is registered with the IEA – Institute of Estate Brokers. Whereas it might sound a hassle to you, will probably be worth it in the end. The IEA works by an ordinary algorithm and regulations, so you'll protect yourself in opposition to probably going with a rogue agent who prices you more than they should for his or her service in finding you an residence for lease in singapore.

There isn't any deal too small. Property agents who are keen to find time for any deal even if the commission is small are the ones you want on your aspect. Additionally they present humbleness and might relate with the typical Singaporean higher. Relentlessly pursuing any deal, calling prospects even without being prompted. Even if they get rejected a hundred times, they still come again for more. These are the property brokers who will find consumers what they need eventually, and who would be the most successful in what they do. 4. Honesty and Integrity

This feature is suitable for you who need to get the tax deductions out of your PIC scheme to your property agency firm. It's endorsed that you visit the correct site for filling this tax return software. This utility must be submitted at the very least yearly to report your whole tax and tax return that you're going to receive in the current accounting 12 months. There may be an official website for this tax filling procedure. Filling this tax return software shouldn't be a tough thing to do for all business homeowners in Singapore.

A wholly owned subsidiary of SLP Worldwide, SLP Realty houses 900 associates to service SLP's fast rising portfolio of residential tasks. Real estate is a human-centric trade. Apart from offering comprehensive coaching applications for our associates, SLP Realty puts equal emphasis on creating human capabilities and creating sturdy teamwork throughout all ranges of our organisational hierarchy. Worldwide Presence At SLP International, our staff of execs is pushed to make sure our shoppers meet their enterprise and investment targets. Under is an inventory of some notable shoppers from completely different industries and markets, who've entrusted their real estate must the expertise of SLP Worldwide.

If you're looking for a real estate or Singapore property agent online, you merely need to belief your instinct. It is because you don't know which agent is sweet and which agent will not be. Carry out research on a number of brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you find yourself certain that a selected agent is dependable and trustworthy, you'll be able to choose to utilize his partnerise find you a house in Singapore. More often than not, a property agent is considered to be good if she or he places the contact data on his web site. This is able to imply that the agent does not thoughts you calling them and asking them any questions regarding properties in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them of their office after taking an appointment.

Another method by way of which you could find out whether the agent is sweet is by checking the feedback, of the shoppers, on the website. There are various individuals would publish their comments on the web site of the Singapore property agent. You can take a look at these feedback and the see whether it will be clever to hire that specific Singapore property agent. You may even get in contact with the developer immediately. Many Singapore property brokers know the developers and you may confirm the goodwill of the agent by asking the developer. time complexity using either version of heapify.

 function heapify(a,count) is
     (end is assigned the index of the first (left) child of the root)
     end := 1
     
     while end < count
         (sift up the node at index end to the proper place such that all nodes above
          the end index are in heap order)
         siftUp(a, 0, end)
         end := end + 1
     (after sifting up the last node all nodes are in heap order)
 
 function siftUp(a, start, end) is
     input:  start represents the limit of how far up the heap to sift.
                   end is the node to sift up.
     child := end 
     while child > start
         parent := floor((child - 1) / 2)
         if a[parent] < a[child] then (out of max-heap order)
             swap(a[parent], a[child])
             child := parent (repeat to continue sifting up the parent now)
         else
             return

Example

Let { 6, 5, 3, 1, 8, 7, 2, 4 } be the list that we want to sort from the smallest to the largest. (NOTE, for 'Building the Heap' step: Larger nodes don't stay below smaller node parents. They are swapped with parents, and then recursively checked if another swap is needed, to keep larger numbers above smaller numbers on the heap binary tree.)

An example on heapsort.

1. Build the heap

Heap newly added element swap elements
nil 6
6 5
6, 5 3
6, 5, 3 1
6, 5, 3, 1 8
6, 5, 3, 1, 8 5, 8
6, 8, 3, 1, 5 6, 8
8, 6, 3, 1, 5 7
8, 6, 3, 1, 5, 7 3, 7
8, 6, 7, 1, 5, 3 2
8, 6, 7, 1, 5, 3, 2 4
8, 6, 7, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4 1, 4
8, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1

2. Sorting.

Heap swap elements delete element sorted array details
8, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1 8, 1 swap 8 and 1 in order to delete 8 from heap
1, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2, 8 8 delete 8 from heap and add to sorted array
1, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 2 1, 7 8 swap 1 and 7 as they are not in order in the heap
7, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3, 2 1, 3 8 swap 1 and 3 as they are not in order in the heap
7, 6, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 7, 2 8 swap 7 and 2 in order to delete 7 from heap
2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 1, 7 7 8 delete 7 from heap and add to sorted array
2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 1 2, 6 7, 8 swap 2 and 6 as they are not in order in the heap
6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 2, 5 7, 8 swap 2 and 5 as they are not in order in the heap
6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1 6, 1 7, 8 swap 6 and 1 in order to delete 6 from heap
1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 6 6 7, 8 delete 6 from heap and add to sorted array
1, 5, 3, 4, 2 1, 5 6, 7, 8 swap 1 and 5 as they are not in order in the heap
5, 1, 3, 4, 2 1, 4 6, 7, 8 swap 1 and 4 as they are not in order in the heap
5, 4, 3, 1, 2 5, 2 6, 7, 8 swap 5 and 2 in order to delete 5 from heap
2, 4, 3, 1, 5 5 6, 7, 8 delete 5 from heap and add to sorted array
2, 4, 3, 1 2, 4 5, 6, 7, 8 swap 2 and 4 as they are not in order in the heap
4, 2, 3, 1 4, 1 5, 6, 7, 8 swap 4 and 1 in order to delete 4 from heap
1, 2, 3, 4 4 5, 6, 7, 8 delete 4 from heap and add to sorted array
1, 2, 3 1, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 swap 1 and 3 as they are not in order in the heap
3, 2, 1 3, 1 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 swap 3 and 1 in order to delete 3 from heap
1, 2, 3 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 delete 3 from heap and add to sorted array
1, 2 1, 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 swap 1 and 2 as they are not in order in the heap
2, 1 2, 1 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 swap 2 and 1 in order to delete 2 from heap
1, 2 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 delete 2 from heap and add to sorted array
1 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 delete 1 from heap and add to sorted array
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 completed

Notes

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

References

  • Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

    In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

    Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

    To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010
  • Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

    In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

    Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

    To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010
  • Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

    In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

    Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

    To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010
  • Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

    In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

    Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

    To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010
  • Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 2001. ISBN 0-262-03293-7. Chapters 6 and 7 Respectively: Heapsort and Priority Queues
  • A PDF of Dijkstra's original paper on Smoothsort
  • Heaps and Heapsort Tutorial by David Carlson, St. Vincent College
  • Heaps of Knowledge

External links

DTZ's auction group in Singapore auctions all types of residential, workplace and retail properties, retailers, homes, accommodations, boarding houses, industrial buildings and development websites. Auctions are at the moment held as soon as a month.

Whitehaven @ Pasir Panjang – A boutique improvement nicely nestled peacefully in serene Pasir Panjang personal estate presenting a hundred and twenty rare freehold private apartments tastefully designed by the famend Ong & Ong Architect. Only a short drive away from Science Park and NUS Campus, Jade Residences, a recent Freehold condominium which offers high quality lifestyle with wonderful facilities and conveniences proper at its door steps. Its fashionable linear architectural fashion promotes peace and tranquility living nestled within the D19 personal housing enclave. Rising workplace sector leads real estate market efficiency, while prime retail and enterprise park segments moderate and residential sector continues in decline International Market Perspectives - 1st Quarter 2014

There are a lot of websites out there stating to be one of the best seek for propertycondominiumhouse, and likewise some ways to discover a low cost propertycondominiumhouse. Owning a propertycondominiumhouse in Singapore is the dream of virtually all individuals in Singapore, It is likely one of the large choice we make in a lifetime. Even if you happen to're new to Property listing singapore funding, we are right here that will help you in making the best resolution to purchase a propertycondominiumhouse at the least expensive value.

Jun 18 ROCHESTER in MIXED USE IMPROVEMENT $1338000 / 1br - 861ft² - (THE ROCHESTER CLOSE TO NORTH BUONA VISTA RD) pic real property - by broker Jun 18 MIXED USE IMPROVEMENT @ ROCHESTER @ ROCHESTER PK $1880000 / 1br - 1281ft² - (ROCHESTER CLOSE TO NORTH BUONA VISTA) pic real estate - by broker Tue 17 Jun Jun 17 Sunny Artwork Deco Gem Near Seashore-Super Deal!!! $103600 / 2br - 980ft² - (Ventnor) pic actual estate - by owner Jun 17 Freehold semi-d for rent (Jalan Rebana ) $7000000 / 5909ft² - (Jalan Rebana ) actual property - by dealer Jun sixteen Ascent @ 456 in D12 (456 Balestier Highway,Singapore) pic real property - by proprietor Jun 16 RETAIL SHOP AT SIM LIM SQUARE FOR SALE, IT MALL, ROCHOR, BUGIS MRT $2000000 / 506ft² - (ROCHOR, BUGIS MRT) pic real estate - by dealer HDB Scheme Any DBSS BTO

In case you are eligible to purchase landed houses (open solely to Singapore residents) it is without doubt one of the best property investment choices. Landed housing varieties solely a small fraction of available residential property in Singapore, due to shortage of land right here. In the long term it should hold its worth and appreciate as the supply is small. In truth, landed housing costs have risen the most, having doubled within the last eight years or so. However he got here back the following day with two suitcases full of money. Typically we've got to clarify to such folks that there are rules and paperwork in Singapore and you can't just buy a home like that,' she said. For conveyancing matters there shall be a recommendedLondon Regulation agency familiar with Singapore London propertyinvestors to symbolize you

Sales transaction volumes have been expected to hit four,000 units for 2012, close to the mixed EC gross sales volume in 2010 and 2011, in accordance with Savills Singapore. Nevertheless the last quarter was weak. In Q4 2012, sales transactions were 22.8% down q-q to 7,931 units, in line with the URA. The quarterly sales discount was felt throughout the board. When the sale just starts, I am not in a hurry to buy. It's completely different from a private sale open for privileged clients for one day solely. Orchard / Holland (D09-10) House For Sale The Tembusu is a singular large freehold land outdoors the central area. Designed by multiple award-profitable architects Arc Studio Architecture + Urbanism, the event is targeted for launch in mid 2013. Post your Property Condos Close to MRT

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no:Sorteringsalgoritme#Heap sort

  1. Template:Harvnb
  2. Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

    In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

    Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

    To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010.
  3. "Data Structures Using Pascal", 1991, page 405, gives a ternary heapsort as a student exercise. "Write a sorting routine similar to the heapsort except that it uses a ternary heap."
  4. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd07xx/EWD796a.PDF
  5. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/EWD07xx/EWD796a.html
  6. Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

    In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

    Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

    To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010.
  7. Template:Cite web