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{{see also|Discrete Fourier transform (general)}}
In [[mathematics]], the '''Fourier transform on finite groups''' is a generalization of the [[discrete Fourier transform]] from [[cyclic group|cyclic]] to arbitrary [[finite group]]s.


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==Definitions==
The '''Fourier transform''' of a function <math>f : G \rightarrow \mathbb{C}\,</math>
at a [[representation of a finite group|representation]] <math>\varrho : G \rightarrow GL(d_\varrho, \mathbb{C})\,</math> of <math>G\,</math> is
 
:<math>
\widehat{f}(\varrho) = \sum_{a \in G} f(a) \varrho(a).
</math>
 
So for each representation <math>\varrho\,</math> of <math>G\,</math>, <math>\widehat{f}(\varrho)\,</math> is a <math>d_\varrho \times d_\varrho\,</math> matrix, where <math>d_\varrho\,</math> is the degree of <math>\varrho\,</math>.
 
Let <math>\varrho_i\,</math> be a complete set of inequivalent [[irreducible representation]]s of <math>G</math>. Then<!--, somehow -->, <math>|G| = \sum_i d_{\varrho_i}^2</math>. Then the '''inverse Fourier transform''' at an element <math>a\,</math> of <math>G\,</math> is given by
 
:<math>
f(a) = \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_i d_{\varrho_i} \text{Tr}\left(\varrho_i(a^{-1})\widehat{f}(\varrho_i)\right),
</math>
 
where <math>d_{\varrho_i}\,</math> is the degree of the representation <math>\varrho_i.\,</math>
 
==Properties==
 
===Transform of a convolution===
The '''convolution''' of two functions <math>f, g : G \rightarrow \mathbb{C}\,</math> is defined as
 
:<math>
(f \ast g)(a) = \sum_{b \in G} f(ab^{-1}) g(b).
</math>
 
The Fourier transform of a convolution at any representation <math>\varrho\,</math> of <math>G\,</math> is given by
 
:<math>
\widehat{f \ast g}(\varrho) = \widehat{f}(\varrho)\widehat{g}(\varrho).
</math>
 
===Plancherel formula===
For functions <math>f, g : G \rightarrow \mathbb{C}\,</math>, the Plancherel formula states
 
:<math>
\sum_{a \in G} f(a^{-1}) g(a) = \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_i d_{\varrho_i} \text{Tr}\left(\widehat{f}(\varrho_i)\widehat{g}(\varrho_i)\right),
</math>
 
where <math>\varrho_i\,</math> are the irreducible representations of <math>G.\,</math>
 
==Fourier transform on finite abelian groups==
Since the irreducible representations of finite [[abelian group]]s are all of degree 1 and hence equal to the irreducible characters of the group, Fourier analysis on finite abelian groups is significantly simplified. For instance, the Fourier transform yields a scalar- and not matrix-valued function.
 
Furthermore, the irreducible characters of a group may be put in one-to-one correspondence with the elements of the group.
 
Therefore, we may define the Fourier transform for finite abelian groups as
 
:<math>
\widehat{f}(s) = \sum_{a \in G} f(a) \bar{\chi_s}(a).
</math>
 
Note that the right-hand side is simply <math>\langle f, \chi_s\rangle</math> for the inner product on the vector space of functions from <math>G\,</math> to <math>\mathbb{C}\,</math> defined by
 
:<math>
\langle f, g \rangle = \sum_{a \in G} f(a) \bar{g}(a).
</math>
 
The inverse Fourier transform is then given by
 
:<math>
f(a) = \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_{s \in G} \widehat{f}(s) \chi_s(a).
</math>
 
A property that is often useful in probability is that the Fourier transform of the uniform distribution is simply <math>\delta_{a,0},\,</math> where 0 is the group identity and <math>\delta_{i,j}\,</math> is the [[Kronecker delta]].
 
==Applications==
This generalization of the discrete Fourier transform is used in [[numerical analysis]]. A [[circulant matrix]] is a matrix where every column is a [[cyclic shift]] of the previous one. Circulant matrices can be [[diagonalization|diagonalized]] quickly using the [[fast Fourier transform]], and this  yields a fast method for solving [[system of linear equations|systems of linear equations]] with circulant matrices. Similarly, the Fourier transform on arbitrary groups can be used to give fast algorithms for matrices with other symmetries {{harv|Åhlander|Munthe-Kaas|2005}}. These algorithms can be used for the construction of [[numerical partial differential equations|numerical methods for solving partial differential equations]] that preserve the symmetries of the equations {{harv|Munthe-Kaas|2006}}.
 
==See also==
*[[Fourier transform]]
*[[Discrete Fourier transform]]
*[[Representation theory of finite groups]]
*[[Character theory]]
 
==References==
* {{Citation | last1=Åhlander | first1=Krister | last2=Munthe-Kaas | first2=Hans Z. | title=Applications of the generalized Fourier transform in numerical linear algebra | doi=10.1007/s10543-005-0030-3 | mr=2191479  | year=2005 | journal=BIT | volume=45 | issue=4 | pages=819–850}}.
* Diaconis, P. (1988). [http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.lnms/1215467407 ''Group Representations in Probability and Statistics.''] Lecture Notes &mdash; Monograph Series, Vol. 11. Hayward, California: Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
* Diaconis, P. (1991). "Finite Fourier Methods: Access to Tools." In ''Probabilistic Combinatorics and its Applications,'' Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 44. Bollobás, B., and Chung, F. R. K. (ed.).
* {{Citation | last1=Munthe-Kaas | first1=Hans Z. | title=On group Fourier analysis and symmetry preserving discretizations of PDEs | doi=10.1088/0305-4470/39/19/S14 | mr=2220776  | year=2006 | journal=[[Journal of Physics A]] | volume=39 | issue=19 | pages=5563–5584}}.
* Terras, A. (1999). ''Fourier Analysis on Finite Groups and Applications''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fourier Transform On Finite Groups}}
[[Category:Fourier analysis]]
[[Category:Finite groups]]

Revision as of 17:16, 3 December 2013

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In 12 months 2013, c ommercial retails, shoebox residences and mass market properties continued to be the celebrities of the property market. Models are snapped up in report time and at document breaking prices. Builders are having fun with overwhelming demand and patrons need more. We feel that these segments of the property market are booming is a repercussion of the property cooling measures no.6 and no. 7. With additional buyer's stamp responsibility imposed on residential properties, buyers change their focus to commercial and industrial properties. I imagine every property purchasers need their property funding to understand in value. In mathematics, the Fourier transform on finite groups is a generalization of the discrete Fourier transform from cyclic to arbitrary finite groups.

Definitions

The Fourier transform of a function at a representation of is

So for each representation of , is a matrix, where is the degree of .

Let be a complete set of inequivalent irreducible representations of . Then, . Then the inverse Fourier transform at an element of is given by

where is the degree of the representation

Properties

Transform of a convolution

The convolution of two functions is defined as

The Fourier transform of a convolution at any representation of is given by

Plancherel formula

For functions , the Plancherel formula states

where are the irreducible representations of

Fourier transform on finite abelian groups

Since the irreducible representations of finite abelian groups are all of degree 1 and hence equal to the irreducible characters of the group, Fourier analysis on finite abelian groups is significantly simplified. For instance, the Fourier transform yields a scalar- and not matrix-valued function.

Furthermore, the irreducible characters of a group may be put in one-to-one correspondence with the elements of the group.

Therefore, we may define the Fourier transform for finite abelian groups as

Note that the right-hand side is simply for the inner product on the vector space of functions from to defined by

The inverse Fourier transform is then given by

A property that is often useful in probability is that the Fourier transform of the uniform distribution is simply where 0 is the group identity and is the Kronecker delta.

Applications

This generalization of the discrete Fourier transform is used in numerical analysis. A circulant matrix is a matrix where every column is a cyclic shift of the previous one. Circulant matrices can be diagonalized quickly using the fast Fourier transform, and this yields a fast method for solving systems of linear equations with circulant matrices. Similarly, the Fourier transform on arbitrary groups can be used to give fast algorithms for matrices with other symmetries Template:Harv. These algorithms can be used for the construction of numerical methods for solving partial differential equations that preserve the symmetries of the equations Template:Harv.

See also

References

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  • Diaconis, P. (1988). Group Representations in Probability and Statistics. Lecture Notes — Monograph Series, Vol. 11. Hayward, California: Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
  • Diaconis, P. (1991). "Finite Fourier Methods: Access to Tools." In Probabilistic Combinatorics and its Applications, Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 44. Bollobás, B., and Chung, F. R. K. (ed.).
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  • Terras, A. (1999). Fourier Analysis on Finite Groups and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.