Fuzzy retrieval

Credit value adjustment (CVA) is the difference between the risk-free portfolio value and the true portfolio value that takes into account the possibility of a counterparty’s default. In other words, CVA is the market value of counterparty credit risk.

Unilateral CVA is given by the risk-neutral expectation of the discounted loss. The risk-neutral expectation can be written as

$\mathrm {CVA} =E^{Q}[L^{*}]=(1-R)\int _{0}^{T}E^{Q}\left[{\frac {B_{0}}{B_{t}}}E(t)|\tau =t\right]d\mathrm {PD} (0,t)$

where $T$  is the maturity of the longest transaction in the portfolio, $B_{t}$ is the future value of one unit of the base currency invested today at the prevailing interest rate for maturity $t$, $R$ is the fraction of the portfolio value that can be recovered in case of a default, $\tau$ is the time of default, $E(t)$ is the exposure at time $t$, and $d\mathrm {PD} (s,t)$ is the risk neutral probability of counterparty default between times $s$ and $t$. These probabilities can be obtained from the term structure of credit default swap (CDS) spreads.

More generally CVA can refer to a few different concepts:

• The mathematical concept as defined above;
• A part of the regulatory Capital and RWA (Risk weighted asset) calculation introduced under Basel 3;
• The CVA desk of an investment bank, whose purpose is to:
  • hedge for possible losses due to counterparty default;
  • hedge to reduce the amount of capital required under the CVA calculation of Basel 3;
• The "CVA charge". The hedging of the CVA desk has a cost associated to it, i.e. the bank has to buy the hedging instrument. This cost is then allocated to each business line of an investment bank (usually as a contra revenue). This allocated cost is called the "CVA Charge".

Exposure, independent of counterparty default

Assuming independence between exposure and counterparty’s credit quality greatly simplifies the analysis. Under this assumption this simplifies to

$\mathrm {CVA} =(1-R)\int _{0}^{T}\mathrm {EE} ^{*}(t)~d\mathrm {PD} (0,t)$

where $\mathrm {EE} ^{*}$ is the risk-neutral discounted expected exposure (EE)

The function of the CVA desk and implications for technology solution

SINGAPORE — Angered by what they allege to be "defects" on their property — which include termite-infested pool decking, flooded staircases in widespread areas and incorrectly-put in electrical fittings — 108 house owners of an upscale condominium on Sentosa Cove have taken property developer Ho Bee Funding and three contractors to court.

Mr Brooke, for one, expects prices in urban areas to rise 15 per cent throughout the next two years, whereas he sees costs in outlying areas taking one other three-4 years to get well. - 2002 April sixteen by Audrey Tan Singapore Enterprise Occasions Does anybody have any information /experience of the property market in Singapore? My accomplice and I want to move there soon and have seen an awesome place we like nevertheless we really don't know if the market has reached its peak or whether or not it is alleged to continue to rise. Keppel Land is Asia's premier house in singapore developer with world-class iconic waterfront residences at Keppel Bay and Marina Bay in Singapore. Hedges Park, a new condominium by Hong Leong Group with spectacular full facilities. Shaw Properties (1997) Pte Ltd Yeo Hiap Seng Limited

Singapore is a sprawling city with over 250 million sq. miles of property area. The property development has been carried on through ages and the present Singapore is a tribute for the cause. Singapore property developers have a panache for achieving excellence in their area of work. The areas like Raflles place , downtown stand for instance of the architectural and modern marvel of the property developers. The founder of recent Singapore , Sir Stamford Raffles , was true when he predicted that Singapore would change into an important commercial emporium.

At SLP International, our group of professionals is driven to make sure our shoppers meet their business and investment targets. Beneath is a listing of some notable clients from different industries and markets, who have entrusted their real property needs to the expertise of SLP Worldwide. View our list of Singapore's 40 Richest.) However the challenge was a crowded market with large boys like Far East Group, Capital Land and a dozen others within the fray. To carve a distinct identification Garcha launched Elevation with a three-pronged technique. First, it will solely deal in ground-level homes versus excessive-rise condominiums. Second, it might not construct and sell residential units but somewhat function on a construct-own-hire mannequin. Third, it could purpose upscale.

Property has propelled many entrepreneurs into the ranks of the rich in Singapore. Raj Kumar and, his son, Kishin RK, personal Royal Holdings and RB Capital, which maintain such property as the Gallery Hotel. Kishin RK can be growing the Farrer Park Medical Centre in Little India. Humble price range hotels can also also pave your approach onto the Wealthy Listing, Mr. Koh Wee Meng, of the Perfume Resort stands at quantity 17 on Singapore's High 50 rich checklist. Mr. Choo Chong Ngen, lodge 81 stands at quantity 23 on the same record. Ching Chiat Kwong who made shoebox or micro-flats well-liked also makes the list. Property has been a positive strategy to make cash in Singapore for decades, simply as it has been in Hong Kong. www.the-river-isles.com (greatest vendor in singapore at $798 psf)

The potential curtailment of bond purchases by the Federal Reserve has pushed up the yield of bonds nearly instantly as bond costs fell (the driving up of bond yield is an indication to what's going to happen to the interest rate). Within the occasion of an interest rate hike within the US, Singapore is more likely to comply with as we're extremely correlated (correlation is a measure of how two independent variables move with one another. A optimistic correlation means the two unbiased variables move closely with one another. A constructive correlation of 1 implies that the two independent variables transfer in perfect harmony) to the US market.

Additionally, how simple is it to lease out an condominium for a six month lease. The residence we want to purchase is a 3 mattress in a wanted residential area however we can't move there ourselves for a while yet. CapitaLand Ltd., Southeast Asia's largest developer by market capitalization, reported first-quarter web profit of forty two.9 million Singapore dollars (US$28.8 million), an 83% fall from S$247.5 million a 12 months earlier, when the company recorded divestment beneficial properties of S$141.four million. Income for the period fell 23% to S$487 million from S$631.three million. The Peak @ Cairnhill I standing at 15 storeys is positioned on the hill top of Cairnhill Circle in Orchard. Your cheque will probably be returned to you if you determine to not proceed to buy. Typical Sequence of a Venture Preview

Mr Ng's first property mission back in 1962 was a seventy two-unit terrace housing improvement at Jalan Pachelli in the Serangoon Gardens area. In 1969, he developed Watten Property within the Bukit Timah area. In the seventies, Mr Ng developed Far East Shopping Centre and Fortunate Plaza along Orchard Highway, adopted by Far East Plaza on Scotts Highway in the early nineteen eighties. Since then, the group has developed Orchard Parksuites serviced residences and Orchard Central. He was always focused on property. Even when he bought into Yeo Hiap Seng, he had in thoughts the land bank it supplied reasonably than just the food and beverage enterprise,' he added. - 2010 February 3 ENTERPRISE INSTANCES Oxley BizHub is a modern mild industrial improvement inside strolling distance to Tai Seng MRT. Property Builders In the view of leading investment banks, CVA is essentially an activity carried out by both finance and a trading desk in the Front Office. Tier 1 banks either already generate counterparty EPE and ENE (expected positive/negative exposure) under the ownership of the CVA desk (although this often has another name) or plan to do so. Whilst a CVA platform is based on an exposure measurement platform, the solution drivers are very different and it is unwise to create dependencies between the risk exposure management system and front office CVA system, even if they share similar intermediate outputs.

A good introduction can be found in a paper by Michael Pykhtin and Steven Zhu.

References

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