Kisrhombille tiling
This table shows the 11 convex uniform tilings (regular and semiregular) of the Euclidean plane, and their dual tilings.
There are three regular, and eight semiregular, tilings in the plane. The semiregular tilings form new tilings from their duals, each made from one type of irregular face.
Uniform tilings are listed by their vertex configuration, the sequence of faces that exist on each vertex. For example 4.8.8 means one square and two octagons on a vertex.
These 11 uniform tilings have 32 different uniform colorings. A uniform coloring allows identical sided polygons at a vertex to be colored differently, while still maintaining vertex-uniformity and transformational congruence between vertices. (Note: Some of the tiling images shown below are not color-uniform)
In addition to the 11 convex uniform tilings, there are also 14 nonconvex tilings, using star polygons, and reverse orientation vertex configurations.
Dual tilings are listed by their face configuration, the number of faces at each vertex of a face. For example V4.8.8 means isosceles triangle tiles with one corner with 4 triangles, and two corners containing 8 triangles.
In the 1987 book, Tilings and Patterns, Branko Grünbaum calls the vertex-uniform tilings Archimedean in parallel to the Archimedean solids, and the dual tilings Laves tilings in honor of crystallographer Fritz Laves. John Conway calls the duals Catalan tilings, in parallel to the Catalan solid polyhedra.
Convex uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane
All reflectional forms can be made by Wythoff constructions, represented by Wythoff symbols, or Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams, each operating upon one of three Schwarz triangle (4,4,2), (6,3,2), or (3,3,3), with symmetry represented by Coxeter groups: [4,4], [6,3], or [3[3]]. Alternated forms such as the snub can also be represented by special markups within each system. Only one uniform tiling can't be constructed by a Wythoff process, but can be made by an elongation of the triangular tiling. An orthogonal mirror construction [∞,2,∞] also exists, seen as 2 sets of parallel mirrors making a rectangular fundamental domain. If the domain is square, this symmetry can be doubled by a diagonal mirror into the [4,4] family.
Families:
- (4,4,2), , [4,4] - Symmetry of the regular square tiling
- (6,3,2), , [6,3] - Symmetry of the regular hexagonal tiling and triangular tiling.
The [4,4] group family
Template:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbUniform tilings (Platonic and Archimedean) |
Vertex figure Wythoff symbol(s) Symmetry group Coxeter-Dynkin diagram(s) |
Dual-uniform tilings (called Laves or Catalan tilings) |
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The [6,3] group family
Template:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbTemplate:Uniform tiles dbPlatonic and Archimedean tilings | Vertex figure Wythoff symbol(s) Symmetry group Coxeter-Dynkin diagram(s) |
Dual Laves tilings |
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Non-Wythoffian uniform tiling
Template:Uniform tiles dbPlatonic and Archimedean tilings | Vertex figure Wythoff symbol(s) Symmetry group Coxeter-Dynkin diagram |
Dual Laves tilings |
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Uniform colorings
There are a total of 32 uniform colorings of the 11 uniform tilings:
- Triangular tiling - 9 uniform colorings, 4 wythoffian, 5 nonwythoffian
- Square tiling - 9 colorings: 7 wythoffian, 2 nonwythoffian
- Hexagonal tiling - 3 colorings, all wythoffian
- Trihexagonal tiling - 2 colorings, both wythoffian
- Snub square tiling - 2 colorings, both alternated wythoffian
- Truncated square tiling - 2 colorings, both wythoffian
- Truncated hexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, wythoffian
- Rhombitrihexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, wythoffian
- Truncated trihexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, wythoffian
- Snub hexagonal tiling - 1 coloring, alternated wythoffian
- Elongated triangular tiling - 1 colorings, nonwythoffian
See also
- Uniform tiling
- Convex uniform honeycomb - The 28 uniform 3-dimensional tessellations, a parallel construction to the convex uniform Euclidean plane tilings.
- Uniform tilings in hyperbolic plane
- Percolation threshold
References
- 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - H.S.M. Coxeter, M.S. Longuet-Higgins, J.C.P. Miller, Uniform polyhedra, Phil. Trans. 1954, 246 A, 401–50.
- Template:The Geometrical Foundation of Natural Structure (book) (Section 2–3 Circle packings, plane tessellations, and networks, pp 34–40)
- John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 [1] (Chapter 19, Archimedean tilings, table 19.1, Chapter 21, Naming Archimedean and Catalan polyhedra and tilings, p288 table)
External links
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- Tessellations of the Plane
- David Bailey's World of Tessellations
- k-uniform tilings
- n-uniform tilings